diff --git a/metagpt/actions/design_api.py b/metagpt/actions/design_api.py
index 35f624867..6ae21ebd9 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/design_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/design_api.py
@@ -25,11 +25,7 @@ from metagpt.actions.design_api_an import (
     REFINED_DESIGN_NODE,
     REFINED_PROGRAM_CALL_FLOW,
 )
-from metagpt.const import (
-    DATA_API_DESIGN_FILE_REPO,
-    DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT,
-    SEQ_FLOW_FILE_REPO,
-)
+from metagpt.const import DATA_API_DESIGN_FILE_REPO, SEQ_FLOW_FILE_REPO
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.schema import AIMessage, Document, Documents, Message
 from metagpt.tools.tool_registry import register_tool
@@ -268,7 +264,7 @@ class WriteDesign(Action):
             if not output_pathname:
                 output_pathname = Path(output_pathname) / "docs" / "sytem_design.json"
             elif not Path(output_pathname).is_absolute():
-                output_pathname = DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT / output_pathname
+                output_pathname = self.config.workspace.path / output_pathname
             output_pathname = Path(output_pathname)
             await awrite(filename=output_pathname, data=design.content)
             output_filename = output_pathname.parent / f"{output_pathname.stem}-class-diagram"
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/di/execute_nb_code.py b/metagpt/actions/di/execute_nb_code.py
index b2769b839..01019b493 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/di/execute_nb_code.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/di/execute_nb_code.py
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ from rich.panel import Panel
 from rich.syntax import Syntax
 
 from metagpt.actions import Action
-from metagpt.const import DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.utils.report import NotebookReporter
 
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ class ExecuteNbCode(Action):
         self.nb_client = RealtimeOutputNotebookClient(
             self.nb,
             timeout=self.timeout,
-            resources={"metadata": {"path": DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT}},
+            resources={"metadata": {"path": self.config.workspace.path}},
             notebook_reporter=self.reporter,
             coalesce_streams=True,
         )
@@ -276,7 +275,7 @@ class ExecuteNbCode(Action):
             else:
                 raise ValueError(f"Only support for language: python, markdown, but got {language}, ")
 
-            file_path = DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT / "code.ipynb"
+            file_path = self.config.workspace.path / "code.ipynb"
             nbformat.write(self.nb, file_path)
             await self.reporter.async_report(file_path, "path")
 
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/project_management.py b/metagpt/actions/project_management.py
index e5b85738f..b9d3bc3ba 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/project_management.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/project_management.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 
 from metagpt.actions.action import Action
 from metagpt.actions.project_management_an import PM_NODE, REFINED_PM_NODE
-from metagpt.const import DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT, PACKAGE_REQUIREMENTS_FILENAME
+from metagpt.const import PACKAGE_REQUIREMENTS_FILENAME
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.schema import AIMessage, Document, Documents, Message
 from metagpt.tools.tool_registry import register_tool
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ class WriteTasks(Action):
             if not output_pathname:
                 output_pathname = Path(output_pathname) / "docs" / "project_schedule.json"
             elif not Path(output_pathname).is_absolute():
-                output_pathname = DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT / output_pathname
+                output_pathname = self.config.workspace.path / output_pathname
             output_pathname = Path(output_pathname)
             await awrite(filename=output_pathname, data=file_content)
             md_output_filename = output_pathname.with_suffix(".md")
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/requirement_analysis/framework/__init__.py b/metagpt/actions/requirement_analysis/framework/__init__.py
index 3f7d31b99..5e0653088 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/requirement_analysis/framework/__init__.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/requirement_analysis/framework/__init__.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel
 
 from metagpt.actions.requirement_analysis.framework.evaluate_framework import EvaluateFramework
 from metagpt.actions.requirement_analysis.framework.write_framework import WriteFramework
-from metagpt.const import DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT
+from metagpt.config2 import Config
 from metagpt.utils.common import awrite
 
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ async def save_framework(
     output_dir = (
         Path(output_dir)
         if output_dir
-        else DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT / (datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%ST") + uuid.uuid4().hex[0:8])
+        else Config.default().workspace.path / (datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%ST") + uuid.uuid4().hex[0:8])
     )
     output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py b/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py
index 462cc4748..e10e7333a 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ from metagpt.actions.write_prd_an import (
 from metagpt.const import (
     BUGFIX_FILENAME,
     COMPETITIVE_ANALYSIS_FILE_REPO,
-    DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT,
     REQUIREMENT_FILENAME,
 )
 from metagpt.logs import logger
@@ -312,9 +311,9 @@ class WritePRD(Action):
                 new_prd = await self._merge(req=req, related_doc=old_prd)
 
             if not output_pathname:
-                output_pathname = DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT / "docs" / "prd.json"
+                output_pathname = self.config.workspace.path / "docs" / "prd.json"
             elif not Path(output_pathname).is_absolute():
-                output_pathname = DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT / output_pathname
+                output_pathname = self.config.workspace.path / output_pathname
             output_pathname = Path(output_pathname)
             await awrite(filename=output_pathname, data=new_prd.content)
             competitive_analysis_filename = output_pathname.parent / f"{output_pathname.stem}-competitive-analysis"
diff --git a/metagpt/config2.py b/metagpt/config2.py
index 8ed9d3f6b..61c93b492 100644
--- a/metagpt/config2.py
+++ b/metagpt/config2.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import os
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, Literal, Optional
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, model_validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, model_validator
 
 from metagpt.configs.browser_config import BrowserConfig
 from metagpt.configs.embedding_config import EmbeddingConfig
@@ -68,12 +68,12 @@ class Config(CLIParams, YamlModel):
     # Misc Parameters
     repair_llm_output: bool = False
     prompt_schema: Literal["json", "markdown", "raw"] = "json"
-    workspace: WorkspaceConfig = WorkspaceConfig()
+    workspace: WorkspaceConfig = Field(default_factory=WorkspaceConfig)
     enable_longterm_memory: bool = False
     code_review_k_times: int = 2
 
     # Experience Pool Parameters
-    exp_pool: ExperiencePoolConfig = ExperiencePoolConfig()
+    exp_pool: ExperiencePoolConfig = Field(default_factory=ExperiencePoolConfig)
 
     # Will be removed in the future
     metagpt_tti_url: str = ""
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class Config(CLIParams, YamlModel):
         return Config.from_yaml_file(pathname)
 
     @classmethod
-    def default(cls, reload: bool = False):
+    def default(cls, reload: bool = False, **kwargs):
         """Load default config
         - Priority: env < default_config_paths
         - Inside default_config_paths, the latter one overwrites the former one
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class Config(CLIParams, YamlModel):
             CONFIG_ROOT / "config2.yaml",
         )
         if reload or default_config_paths not in _CONFIG_CACHE:
-            dicts = [dict(os.environ)]
+            dicts = [kwargs, dict(os.environ)]
             dicts += [Config.read_yaml(path) for path in default_config_paths]
             final = merge_dict(dicts)
             _CONFIG_CACHE[default_config_paths] = Config(**final)
diff --git a/metagpt/ext/cr/actions/modify_code.py b/metagpt/ext/cr/actions/modify_code.py
index 2c54cdbae..820bdae4a 100644
--- a/metagpt/ext/cr/actions/modify_code.py
+++ b/metagpt/ext/cr/actions/modify_code.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ from typing import Optional
 from unidiff import PatchSet
 
 from metagpt.actions.action import Action
-from metagpt.const import DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT
 from metagpt.ext.cr.utils.cleaner import (
     add_line_num_on_patch,
     get_code_block_from_patch,
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ class ModifyCode(Action):
             output_dir = (
                 Path(output_dir)
                 if output_dir
-                else DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT / "modify_code" / str(datetime.date.today()) / self.pr
+                else self.config.workspace.path / "modify_code" / str(datetime.date.today()) / self.pr
             )
             patch_file = output_dir / f"{patch_target_file_name}.patch"
             patch_file.parent.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
diff --git a/metagpt/tools/libs/gpt_v_generator.py b/metagpt/tools/libs/gpt_v_generator.py
index 66c023766..62c36b2f8 100644
--- a/metagpt/tools/libs/gpt_v_generator.py
+++ b/metagpt/tools/libs/gpt_v_generator.py
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Optional
 
 from metagpt.config2 import Config
-from metagpt.const import DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.tools.tool_registry import register_tool
 from metagpt.utils.common import CodeParser, encode_image
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ class GPTvGenerator:
             Path: The path of the saved webpages.
         """
         # Create a folder called webpages in the workspace directory to store HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files
-        webpages_path = DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT / "webpages" / save_folder_name
+        webpages_path = Config.default().workspace.path / "webpages" / save_folder_name
         logger.info(f"code will be saved at {webpages_path}")
         webpages_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 
diff --git a/metagpt/tools/libs/software_development.py b/metagpt/tools/libs/software_development.py
index 1a20bf087..0955faa7a 100644
--- a/metagpt/tools/libs/software_development.py
+++ b/metagpt/tools/libs/software_development.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ from metagpt.actions.requirement_analysis.trd import (
     EvaluateTRD,
     WriteTRD,
 )
-from metagpt.const import ASSISTANT_ALIAS, DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT, TEST_DATA_PATH
+from metagpt.const import ASSISTANT_ALIAS, TEST_DATA_PATH
 from metagpt.context import Context
 from metagpt.logs import ToolLogItem, log_tool_output, logger
 from metagpt.utils.common import aread
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ async def write_framework(
     output_dir = (
         Path(output_dir)
         if output_dir
-        else DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT / (datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%ST") + uuid.uuid4().hex[0:8])
+        else context.config.workspace.path / (datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%ST") + uuid.uuid4().hex[0:8])
     )
     file_list = []
     while not is_pass and (context.cost_manager.total_cost < context.cost_manager.max_budget):
diff --git a/metagpt/tools/libs/terminal.py b/metagpt/tools/libs/terminal.py
index 36fa5da15..24daa184d 100644
--- a/metagpt/tools/libs/terminal.py
+++ b/metagpt/tools/libs/terminal.py
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ from asyncio import Queue
 from asyncio.subprocess import PIPE, STDOUT
 from typing import Optional
 
-from metagpt.const import DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT, SWE_SETUP_PATH
+from metagpt.config2 import Config
+from metagpt.const import SWE_SETUP_PATH
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.tools.tool_registry import register_tool
 from metagpt.utils.report import END_MARKER_VALUE, TerminalReporter
@@ -151,12 +152,12 @@ class Bash(Terminal):
 
     def __init__(self):
         """init"""
-        os.environ["SWE_CMD_WORK_DIR"] = str(DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT)
+        os.environ["SWE_CMD_WORK_DIR"] = str(Config.default().workspace.path)
         super().__init__()
         self.start_flag = False
 
     async def start(self):
-        await self.run_command(f"cd {DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT}")
+        await self.run_command(f"cd {Config.default().workspace.path}")
         await self.run_command(f"source {SWE_SETUP_PATH}")
 
     async def run(self, cmd) -> str: