diff --git a/metagpt/actions/action_node.py b/metagpt/actions/action_node.py
index 96c175ccb..b1fbdaae9 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/action_node.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/action_node.py
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ SIMPLE_TEMPLATE = """
 ## context
 {context}
 
+-----
+
 ## format example
 {example}
 
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ SIMPLE_TEMPLATE = """
 {constraint}
 
 ## action
-Fill in the above nodes based on the context. Answer in format example.
+Fill in the above nodes based on the format example.
 """
 
 
@@ -108,6 +110,16 @@ class ActionNode:
         """获得子ActionNode的字典，以key索引"""
         return {k: (v.expected_type, ...) for k, v in self.children.items()}
 
+    def get_self_mapping(self) -> Dict[str, Type]:
+        """get self key: type mapping"""
+        return {self.key: (self.expected_type, ...)}
+
+    def get_mapping(self, mode="children") -> Dict[str, Type]:
+        """get key: type mapping under mode"""
+        if mode == "children" or (mode=="auto" and self.children):
+            return self.get_children_mapping()
+        return self.get_self_mapping()
+
     @classmethod
     def create_model_class(cls, class_name: str, mapping: Dict[str, Type]):
         """基于pydantic v1的模型动态生成，用来检验结果类型正确性"""
@@ -160,8 +172,8 @@ class ActionNode:
         mapping = self.get_children_mapping()
         return self.create_model_class(class_name, mapping)
 
-    def to_dict(self, format_func=None, mode="all") -> Dict:
-        """将当前节点与子节点都按照node: format的格式组织称字典"""
+    def to_dict(self, format_func=None, mode="auto") -> Dict:
+        """将当前节点与子节点都按照node: format的格式组织成字典"""
 
         # 如果没有提供格式化函数，使用默认的格式化方式
         if format_func is None:
@@ -171,7 +183,7 @@ class ActionNode:
         formatted_value = format_func(self)
 
         # 创建当前节点的键值对
-        if mode == "children":
+        if mode == "children" or (mode == "auto" and self.children):
             node_dict = {}
         else:
             node_dict = {self.key: formatted_value}
@@ -227,7 +239,7 @@ class ActionNode:
             mode="root": NotImplemented
         """
 
-        # FIXME: json instruction会带来 "Project name": "web_2048  # 项目名称使用下划线",
+        # FIXME: json instruction会带来格式问题，如："Project name": "web_2048  # 项目名称使用下划线",
         self.instruction = self.compile_instruction(to="markdown", mode=mode)
         self.example = self.compile_example(to=to, tag="CONTENT", mode=mode)
         prompt = template.format(context=context, example=self.example, instruction=self.instruction,
@@ -268,19 +280,59 @@ class ActionNode:
     def get(self, key):
         return self.instruct_content.dict()[key]
 
-    async def fill(self, context, llm, to="json"):
-        """运行这个ActionNode，并且填槽，可以采用不同策略，比如只运行子节点"""
-        self.llm = llm
-        prompt = self.compile(context=context, to=to)
-        mapping = self.get_children_mapping()
+    def set_recursive(self, name, value):
+        setattr(self, name, value)
+        for _, i in self.children.items():
+            i.set_recursive(name, value)
+
+    def set_llm(self, llm):
+        self.set_recursive("llm", llm)
+
+    def set_context(self, context):
+        self.set_recursive("context", context)
+
+    async def simple_fill(self, to, mode):
+        prompt = self.compile(context=self.context, to=to, mode=mode)
+        mapping = self.get_mapping(mode)
 
         class_name = f"{self.key}_AN"
-        # 需要传入llm，并且实际在ActionNode中执行。需要规划好具体的执行方法
         output = await self._aask_v1(prompt, class_name, mapping, format=to)
         self.content = output.content
         self.instruct_content = output.instruct_content
         return self
 
+    async def fill(self, context, llm, to="json", mode="auto", strgy="simple"):
+        """ Fill the node(s) with mode.
+
+        :param context: Everything we should know when filling node.
+        :param llm: Large Language Model with pre-defined system message.
+        :param to: json/markdown, determine example and output format.
+         - json: it's easy to open source LLM with json format
+         - markdown: when generating code, markdown is always better
+        :param mode: auto/children/root
+         - auto: automated fill children's nodes and gather outputs, if no children, fill itself
+         - children: fill children's nodes and gather outputs
+         - root: fill root's node and gather output
+        :param strgy: simple/complex
+         - simple: run only once
+         - complex: run each node
+        :return: self
+        """
+        self.set_llm(llm)
+        self.set_context(context)
+
+        if strgy == "simple":
+            return await self.simple_fill(to, mode)
+        elif strgy == "complex":
+            # 这里隐式假设了拥有children
+            tmp = {}
+            for _, i in self.children.items():
+                child = await i.simple_fill(to, mode)
+                tmp.update(child.instruct_content.dict())
+            cls = self.create_children_class()
+            self.instruct_content = cls(**tmp)
+            return self
+
 
 def action_node_from_tuple_example():
     # 示例：列表中包含元组
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/project_management_an.py b/metagpt/actions/project_management_an.py
index aa7cdcde2..9849cb7b3 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/project_management_an.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/project_management_an.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ LOGIC_ANALYSIS = ActionNode(
     instruction="Provide a list of files with the classes/methods/functions to be implemented, "
                 "including dependency analysis and imports.",
     example=[["game.py", "Contains Game class and ... functions"],
-             ["main.py", "Contains main function, from game import Game"]]
+             ["main.py", "Contains main function, depends on game.py"]]
 )
 
 TASK_LIST = ActionNode(
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_prd_an.py b/metagpt/actions/write_prd_an.py
index 0781760ba..cbcf920b9 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_prd_an.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_prd_an.py
@@ -16,6 +16,13 @@ LANGUAGE = ActionNode(
     example="en_us"
 )
 
+PROGRAMMING_LANGUAGE = ActionNode(
+    key="Programming Language",
+    expected_type=str,
+    instruction="Python/JavaScript or other mainstream programming language.",
+    example="Python"
+)
+
 ORIGINAL_REQUIREMENTS = ActionNode(
     key="Original Requirements",
     expected_type=str,
@@ -59,14 +66,14 @@ COMPETITIVE_QUADRANT_CHART = ActionNode(
     expected_type=str,
     instruction="Use mermaid quadrantChart syntax. Distribute scores evenly between 0 and 1",
     example="""quadrantChart
-    title Reach and engagement of campaigns
-    x-axis Low Reach --> High Reach
-    y-axis Low Engagement --> High Engagement
-    quadrant-1 We should expand
-    quadrant-2 Need to promote
-    quadrant-3 Re-evaluate
-    quadrant-4 May be improved
-    "Campaign: A": [0.3, 0.6]
+    title "Reach and engagement of campaigns"
+    x-axis "Low Reach" --> "High Reach"
+    y-axis "Low Engagement" --> "High Engagement"
+    quadrant-1 "We should expand"
+    quadrant-2 "Need to promote"
+    quadrant-3 "Re-evaluate"
+    quadrant-4 "May be improved"
+    "Campaign A": [0.3, 0.6]
     "Campaign B": [0.45, 0.23]
     "Campaign C": [0.57, 0.69]
     "Campaign D": [0.78, 0.34]
@@ -127,6 +134,7 @@ REASON = ActionNode(
 
 NODES = [
     LANGUAGE,
+    PROGRAMMING_LANGUAGE,
     ORIGINAL_REQUIREMENTS,
     PROJECT_NAME,
     PRODUCT_GOALS,