diff --git a/metagpt/actions/action.py b/metagpt/actions/action.py
index 535c25cb9..62434e7f8 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/action.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/action.py
@@ -8,13 +8,18 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Optional, Any
+from typing import Any, Optional
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
-from metagpt.schema import CodingContext, CodeSummarizeContext, TestingContext, RunCodeContext
+from metagpt.schema import (
+    CodeSummarizeContext,
+    CodingContext,
+    RunCodeContext,
+    TestingContext,
+)
 
 action_subclass_registry = {}
 
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/debug_error.py b/metagpt/actions/debug_error.py
index 839acdc2e..9dc6862f9 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/debug_error.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/debug_error.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.const import TEST_CODES_FILE_REPO, TEST_OUTPUTS_FILE_REPO
 from metagpt.llm import LLM, BaseGPTAPI
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.schema import RunCodeResult, RunCodeContext
+from metagpt.schema import RunCodeContext, RunCodeResult
 from metagpt.utils.common import CodeParser
 from metagpt.utils.file_repository import FileRepository
 
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/design_api.py b/metagpt/actions/design_api.py
index f5e122356..055365421 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/design_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/design_api.py
@@ -45,9 +45,11 @@ class WriteDesign(Action):
     name: str = ""
     context: Optional[str] = None
     llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
-    desc: str = "Based on the PRD, think about the system design, and design the corresponding APIs, " \
-                "data structures, library tables, processes, and paths. Please provide your design, feedback " \
-                "clearly and in detail."
+    desc: str = (
+        "Based on the PRD, think about the system design, and design the corresponding APIs, "
+        "data structures, library tables, processes, and paths. Please provide your design, feedback "
+        "clearly and in detail."
+    )
 
     async def run(self, with_messages: Message, schema: str = CONFIG.prompt_schema):
         # Use `git diff` to identify which PRD documents have been modified in the `docs/prds` directory.
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/fix_bug.py b/metagpt/actions/fix_bug.py
index eea40c91a..56b488218 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/fix_bug.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/fix_bug.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from metagpt.actions import Action
 
 class FixBug(Action):
     """Fix bug action without any implementation details"""
+
     name: str = "FixBug"
 
     async def run(self, *args, **kwargs):
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/prepare_documents.py b/metagpt/actions/prepare_documents.py
index 9b5128cbd..696dc9a89 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/prepare_documents.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/prepare_documents.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from metagpt.utils.git_repository import GitRepository
 
 class PrepareDocuments(Action):
     """PrepareDocuments Action: initialize project folder and add new requirements to docs/requirements.txt."""
+
     name: str = "PrepareDocuments"
     context: Optional[str] = None
     llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/run_code.py b/metagpt/actions/run_code.py
index ea16c8891..bca9b337d 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/run_code.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/run_code.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from metagpt.actions.action import Action
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.llm import LLM, BaseGPTAPI
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.schema import RunCodeResult, RunCodeContext
+from metagpt.schema import RunCodeContext, RunCodeResult
 from metagpt.utils.exceptions import handle_exception
 
 PROMPT_TEMPLATE = """
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/search_and_summarize.py b/metagpt/actions/search_and_summarize.py
index 3f110c370..6ab7becb6 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/search_and_summarize.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/search_and_summarize.py
@@ -5,18 +5,18 @@
 @Author  : alexanderwu
 @File    : search_google.py
 """
+from typing import Optional
+
 import pydantic
-from typing import Optional, Any
-from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from pydantic import Field, root_validator
 
 from metagpt.actions import Action
+from metagpt.config import CONFIG, Config
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
-from metagpt.config import Config, CONFIG
 from metagpt.logs import logger
+from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
 from metagpt.schema import Message
 from metagpt.tools.search_engine import SearchEngine
-from pydantic import root_validator
 
 SEARCH_AND_SUMMARIZE_SYSTEM = """### Requirements
 1. Please summarize the latest dialogue based on the reference information (secondary) and dialogue history (primary). Do not include text that is irrelevant to the conversation.
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class SearchAndSummarize(Action):
         engine = values.get("engine")
         search_func = values.get("search_func")
         config = Config()
-        
+
         if engine is None:
             engine = config.search_engine
         try:
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class SearchAndSummarize(Action):
         if self.search_engine is None:
             logger.warning("Configure one of SERPAPI_API_KEY, SERPER_API_KEY, GOOGLE_API_KEY to unlock full feature")
             return ""
-        
+
         query = context[-1].content
         # logger.debug(query)
         rsp = await self.search_engine.run(query)
@@ -144,9 +144,9 @@ class SearchAndSummarize(Action):
             logger.error("empty rsp...")
             return ""
         # logger.info(rsp)
-        
+
         system_prompt = [system_text]
-        
+
         prompt = SEARCH_AND_SUMMARIZE_PROMPT.format(
             ROLE=self.prefix,
             CONTEXT=rsp,
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_code_review.py b/metagpt/actions/write_code_review.py
index 580069b74..1eba672a5 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_code_review.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_code_review.py
@@ -142,15 +142,9 @@ class WriteCodeReview(Action):
         iterative_code = self.context.code_doc.content
         k = CONFIG.code_review_k_times or 1
         for i in range(k):
-            format_example = FORMAT_EXAMPLE.format(
-                filename=self.context.code_doc.filename
-            )
-            task_content = (
-                self.context.task_doc.content if self.context.task_doc else ""
-            )
-            code_context = await WriteCode.get_codes(
-                self.context.task_doc, exclude=self.context.filename
-            )
+            format_example = FORMAT_EXAMPLE.format(filename=self.context.code_doc.filename)
+            task_content = self.context.task_doc.content if self.context.task_doc else ""
+            code_context = await WriteCode.get_codes(self.context.task_doc, exclude=self.context.filename)
             context = "\n".join(
                 [
                     "## System Design\n" + str(self.context.design_doc) + "\n",
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py b/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py
index df66e6442..1223e5486 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py
@@ -143,8 +143,9 @@ class WritePRD(Action):
 
     async def _update_prd(self, requirement_doc, prd_doc, prds_file_repo, *args, **kwargs) -> Document | None:
         if not prd_doc:
-            prd = await self._run_new_requirement(requirements=[requirement_doc.content if requirement_doc else ""],
-                                                  *args, **kwargs)
+            prd = await self._run_new_requirement(
+                requirements=[requirement_doc.content if requirement_doc else ""], *args, **kwargs
+            )
             new_prd_doc = Document(
                 root_path=PRDS_FILE_REPO,
                 filename=FileRepository.new_filename() + ".json",
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_test.py b/metagpt/actions/write_test.py
index fa3931ba6..9eb0bdbb6 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_test.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_test.py
@@ -9,14 +9,15 @@
 """
 
 from typing import Optional
+
 from pydantic import Field
 
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
 from metagpt.actions.action import Action
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.const import TEST_CODES_FILE_REPO
+from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
+from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
 from metagpt.schema import Document, TestingContext
 from metagpt.utils.common import CodeParser
 
diff --git a/metagpt/environment.py b/metagpt/environment.py
index ab296557f..58569ec08 100644
--- a/metagpt/environment.py
+++ b/metagpt/environment.py
@@ -56,12 +56,14 @@ class Environment(BaseModel):
         roles_path = stg_path.joinpath("roles.json")
         roles_info = []
         for role_key, role in self.roles.items():
-            roles_info.append({
-                "role_class": role.__class__.__name__,
-                "module_name": role.__module__,
-                "role_name": role.name,
-                "role_sub_tags": list(self.members.get(role))
-            })
+            roles_info.append(
+                {
+                    "role_class": role.__class__.__name__,
+                    "module_name": role.__module__,
+                    "role_name": role.name,
+                    "role_sub_tags": list(self.members.get(role)),
+                }
+            )
             role.serialize(stg_path=stg_path.joinpath(f"roles/{role.__class__.__name__}_{role.name}"))
         write_json_file(roles_path, roles_info)
 
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ class Environment(BaseModel):
 
     @classmethod
     def deserialize(cls, stg_path: Path) -> "Environment":
-        """ stg_path: ./storage/team/environment/ """
+        """stg_path: ./storage/team/environment/"""
         roles_path = stg_path.joinpath("roles.json")
         roles_info = read_json_file(roles_path)
         roles = []
@@ -83,9 +85,7 @@ class Environment(BaseModel):
         history = read_json_file(stg_path.joinpath("history.json"))
         history = history.get("content")
 
-        environment = Environment(**{
-            "history": history
-        })
+        environment = Environment(**{"history": history})
         environment.add_roles(roles)
 
         return environment
diff --git a/metagpt/memory/longterm_memory.py b/metagpt/memory/longterm_memory.py
index 76a8deabb..710074f81 100644
--- a/metagpt/memory/longterm_memory.py
+++ b/metagpt/memory/longterm_memory.py
@@ -5,9 +5,7 @@
 """
 
 from typing import Optional
-from pydantic import Field
 
-from typing import Optional
 from pydantic import Field
 
 from metagpt.logs import logger
@@ -22,6 +20,7 @@ class LongTermMemory(Memory):
     - recover memory when it staruped
     - update memory when it changed
     """
+
     memory_storage: MemoryStorage = Field(default_factory=MemoryStorage)
     rc: Optional["RoleContext"] = None
     msg_from_recover: bool = False
diff --git a/metagpt/memory/memory.py b/metagpt/memory/memory.py
index 076db832a..e9891ed00 100644
--- a/metagpt/memory/memory.py
+++ b/metagpt/memory/memory.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 @File    : memory.py
 @Modified By: mashenquan, 2023-11-1. According to RFC 116: Updated the type of index key.
 """
-import copy
 from collections import defaultdict
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Iterable, Set
@@ -14,11 +13,17 @@ from typing import Iterable, Set
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 
 from metagpt.schema import Message
-from metagpt.utils.common import any_to_str, any_to_str_set, read_json_file, write_json_file
+from metagpt.utils.common import (
+    any_to_str,
+    any_to_str_set,
+    read_json_file,
+    write_json_file,
+)
 
 
 class Memory(BaseModel):
     """The most basic memory: super-memory"""
+
     storage: list[Message] = []
     index: dict[str, list[Message]] = Field(default_factory=defaultdict(list))
 
@@ -32,14 +37,14 @@ class Memory(BaseModel):
         self.index = new_index
 
     def serialize(self, stg_path: Path):
-        """ stg_path = ./storage/team/environment/ or ./storage/team/environment/roles/{role_class}_{role_name}/ """
+        """stg_path = ./storage/team/environment/ or ./storage/team/environment/roles/{role_class}_{role_name}/"""
         memory_path = stg_path.joinpath("memory.json")
         storage = self.dict()
         write_json_file(memory_path, storage)
 
     @classmethod
     def deserialize(cls, stg_path: Path) -> "Memory":
-        """ stg_path = ./storage/team/environment/ or ./storage/team/environment/roles/{role_class}_{role_name}/"""
+        """stg_path = ./storage/team/environment/ or ./storage/team/environment/roles/{role_class}_{role_name}/"""
         memory_path = stg_path.joinpath("memory.json")
 
         memory_dict = read_json_file(memory_path)
@@ -68,7 +73,7 @@ class Memory(BaseModel):
         return [message for message in self.storage if content in message.content]
 
     def delete_newest(self) -> "Message":
-        """ delete the newest message from the storage"""
+        """delete the newest message from the storage"""
         if len(self.storage) > 0:
             newest_msg = self.storage.pop()
             if newest_msg.cause_by and newest_msg in self.index[newest_msg.cause_by]:
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/postprecess/base_postprecess_plugin.py b/metagpt/provider/postprecess/base_postprecess_plugin.py
index afcef2531..46646be91 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/postprecess/base_postprecess_plugin.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/postprecess/base_postprecess_plugin.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 from typing import Union
 
-from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.utils.repair_llm_raw_output import (
     RepairType,
     extract_content_from_output,
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/architect.py b/metagpt/roles/architect.py
index bd6cd110b..c6ceaccb7 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/architect.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/architect.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 @Author  : alexanderwu
 @File    : architect.py
 """
-from pydantic import Field
 
 from metagpt.actions import WritePRD
 from metagpt.actions.design_api import WriteDesign
@@ -22,11 +21,14 @@ class Architect(Role):
         goal (str): Primary goal or responsibility of the architect.
         constraints (str): Constraints or guidelines for the architect.
     """
+
     name: str = "Bob"
     profile: str = "Architect"
     goal: str = "design a concise, usable, complete software system"
-    constraints: str = "make sure the architecture is simple enough and use  appropriate open source " \
-                       "libraries. Use same language as user requirement"
+    constraints: str = (
+        "make sure the architecture is simple enough and use  appropriate open source "
+        "libraries. Use same language as user requirement"
+    )
 
     def __init__(self, **kwargs) -> None:
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/customer_service.py b/metagpt/roles/customer_service.py
index b2033ac0b..777f62731 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/customer_service.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/customer_service.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 @File    : sales.py
 """
 from typing import Optional
-from pydantic import Field
 
 from metagpt.roles import Sales
 
@@ -27,14 +26,11 @@ DESC = """
 
 
 class CustomerService(Sales):
-
     name: str = "Xiaomei"
     profile: str = "Human customer service"
     desc: str = DESC
 
     store: Optional[str] = None
 
-    def __init__(
-            self,
-            **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/engineer.py b/metagpt/roles/engineer.py
index 337184068..e0234f378 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/engineer.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/engineer.py
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@ from collections import defaultdict
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Set
 
-from pydantic import Field
-
 from metagpt.actions import Action, WriteCode, WriteCodeReview, WriteTasks
 from metagpt.actions.fix_bug import FixBug
 from metagpt.actions.summarize_code import SummarizeCode
@@ -69,11 +67,14 @@ class Engineer(Role):
         n_borg (int): Number of borgs.
         use_code_review (bool): Whether to use code review.
     """
+
     name: str = "Alex"
     profile: str = "Engineer"
     goal: str = "write elegant, readable, extensible, efficient code"
-    constraints: str = "the code should conform to standards like google-style and be modular and maintainable. " \
-                       "Use same language as user requirement"
+    constraints: str = (
+        "the code should conform to standards like google-style and be modular and maintainable. "
+        "Use same language as user requirement"
+    )
     n_borg: int = 1
     use_code_review: bool = False
     code_todos: list = []
@@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ class Engineer(Role):
 
     @staticmethod
     async def _new_coding_context(
-            filename, src_file_repo, task_file_repo, design_file_repo, dependency
+        filename, src_file_repo, task_file_repo, design_file_repo, dependency
     ) -> CodingContext:
         old_code_doc = await src_file_repo.get(filename)
         if not old_code_doc:
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/product_manager.py b/metagpt/roles/product_manager.py
index 6369688a5..c794ad2eb 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/product_manager.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/product_manager.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 @Modified By: mashenquan, 2023/11/27. Add `PrepareDocuments` action according to Section 2.2.3.5.1 of RFC 135.
 """
 
-from pydantic import Field
 
 from metagpt.actions import UserRequirement, WritePRD
 from metagpt.actions.prepare_documents import PrepareDocuments
@@ -25,6 +24,7 @@ class ProductManager(Role):
         goal (str): Goal of the product manager.
         constraints (str): Constraints or limitations for the product manager.
     """
+
     name: str = "Alice"
     profile: str = "Product Manager"
     goal: str = "efficiently create a successful product that meets market demands and user expectations"
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/project_manager.py b/metagpt/roles/project_manager.py
index bf572d1f8..1fad4afc2 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/project_manager.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/project_manager.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 @Author  : alexanderwu
 @File    : project_manager.py
 """
-from pydantic import Field
 
 from metagpt.actions import WriteTasks
 from metagpt.actions.design_api import WriteDesign
@@ -22,10 +21,13 @@ class ProjectManager(Role):
         goal (str): Goal of the project manager.
         constraints (str): Constraints or limitations for the project manager.
     """
+
     name: str = "Eve"
     profile: str = "Project Manager"
-    goal: str = "break down tasks according to PRD/technical design, generate a task list, and analyze task " \
-                "dependencies to start with the prerequisite modules"
+    goal: str = (
+        "break down tasks according to PRD/technical design, generate a task list, and analyze task "
+        "dependencies to start with the prerequisite modules"
+    )
     constraints: str = "use same language as user requirement"
 
     def __init__(self, **kwargs) -> None:
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/qa_engineer.py b/metagpt/roles/qa_engineer.py
index 369e3dc63..5e509300b 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/qa_engineer.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/qa_engineer.py
@@ -15,13 +15,8 @@
     of SummarizeCode.
 """
 
-from pydantic import Field
 
-from metagpt.actions import (
-    DebugError,
-    RunCode,
-    WriteTest,
-)
+from metagpt.actions import DebugError, RunCode, WriteTest
 from metagpt.actions.summarize_code import SummarizeCode
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.const import (
@@ -40,8 +35,9 @@ class QaEngineer(Role):
     name: str = "Edward"
     profile: str = "QaEngineer"
     goal: str = "Write comprehensive and robust tests to ensure codes will work as expected without bugs"
-    constraints: str = "The test code you write should conform to code standard like PEP8, be modular, " \
-                       "easy to read and maintain"
+    constraints: str = (
+        "The test code you write should conform to code standard like PEP8, be modular, " "easy to read and maintain"
+    )
     test_round_allowed: int = 5
 
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
@@ -118,7 +114,8 @@ class QaEngineer(Role):
         )
         run_code_context.code = None
         run_code_context.test_code = None
-        recipient = parse_recipient(result.summary)  # the recipient might be Engineer or myself
+        # the recipient might be Engineer or myself
+        recipient = parse_recipient(result.summary)
         mappings = {"Engineer": "Alex", "QaEngineer": "Edward"}
         self.publish_message(
             Message(
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/role.py b/metagpt/roles/role.py
index f87c4e250..8c5743467 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/role.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/role.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from enum import Enum
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Iterable, Set, Type, Any
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Set, Type
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 
@@ -37,7 +37,13 @@ from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.memory import Memory
 from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
 from metagpt.schema import Message, MessageQueue
-from metagpt.utils.common import any_to_str, read_json_file, write_json_file, import_class, role_raise_decorator
+from metagpt.utils.common import (
+    any_to_str,
+    import_class,
+    read_json_file,
+    role_raise_decorator,
+    write_json_file,
+)
 from metagpt.utils.repair_llm_raw_output import extract_state_value_from_output
 
 PREFIX_TEMPLATE = """You are a {profile}, named {name}, your goal is {goal}, and the constraint is {constraints}. """
@@ -82,18 +88,22 @@ class RoleReactMode(str, Enum):
 
 class RoleContext(BaseModel):
     """Role Runtime Context"""
+
     # # env exclude=True to avoid `RecursionError: maximum recursion depth exceeded in comparison`
     env: "Environment" = Field(default=None, exclude=True)
     # TODO judge if ser&deser
-    msg_buffer: MessageQueue = Field(default_factory=MessageQueue,
-                                     exclude=True)  # Message Buffer with Asynchronous Updates
+    msg_buffer: MessageQueue = Field(
+        default_factory=MessageQueue, exclude=True
+    )  # Message Buffer with Asynchronous Updates
     memory: Memory = Field(default_factory=Memory)
     # long_term_memory: LongTermMemory = Field(default_factory=LongTermMemory)
     state: int = Field(default=-1)  # -1 indicates initial or termination state where todo is None
     todo: Action = Field(default=None, exclude=True)
     watch: set[str] = Field(default_factory=set)
     news: list[Type[Message]] = Field(default=[], exclude=True)  # TODO not used
-    react_mode: RoleReactMode = RoleReactMode.REACT  # see `Role._set_react_mode` for definitions of the following two attributes
+    react_mode: RoleReactMode = (
+        RoleReactMode.REACT
+    )  # see `Role._set_react_mode` for definitions of the following two attributes
     max_react_loop: int = 1
 
     class Config:
@@ -120,6 +130,7 @@ role_subclass_registry = {}
 
 class Role(BaseModel):
     """Role/Agent"""
+
     name: str = ""
     profile: str = ""
     goal: str = ""
@@ -145,7 +156,7 @@ class Role(BaseModel):
         "_states": [],
         "_actions": [],
         "_rc": RoleContext(),
-        "_subscription": set()
+        "_subscription": set(),
     }
 
     __hash__ = object.__hash__  # support Role as hashable type in `Environment.members`
@@ -206,14 +217,14 @@ class Role(BaseModel):
         return f"{self.name}({self.profile})"
 
     def serialize(self, stg_path: Path = None):
-        stg_path = SERDESER_PATH.joinpath(f"team/environment/roles/{self.__class__.__name__}_{self.name}") \
-            if stg_path is None else stg_path
+        stg_path = (
+            SERDESER_PATH.joinpath(f"team/environment/roles/{self.__class__.__name__}_{self.name}")
+            if stg_path is None
+            else stg_path
+        )
 
         role_info = self.dict(exclude={"_rc": {"memory": True, "msg_buffer": True}, "_llm": True})
-        role_info.update({
-            "role_class": self.__class__.__name__,
-            "module_name": self.__module__
-        })
+        role_info.update({"role_class": self.__class__.__name__, "module_name": self.__module__})
         role_info_path = stg_path.joinpath("role_info.json")
         write_json_file(role_info_path, role_info)
 
@@ -221,7 +232,7 @@ class Role(BaseModel):
 
     @classmethod
     def deserialize(cls, stg_path: Path) -> "Role":
-        """ stg_path = ./storage/team/environment/roles/{role_class}_{role_name}"""
+        """stg_path = ./storage/team/environment/roles/{role_class}_{role_name}"""
         role_info_path = stg_path.joinpath("role_info.json")
         role_info = read_json_file(role_info_path)
 
@@ -328,12 +339,9 @@ class Role(BaseModel):
         """Get the role prefix"""
         if self.desc:
             return self.desc
-        return PREFIX_TEMPLATE.format(**{
-            "profile": self.profile,
-            "name": self.name,
-            "goal": self.goal,
-            "constraints": self.constraints
-        })
+        return PREFIX_TEMPLATE.format(
+            **{"profile": self.profile, "name": self.name, "goal": self.goal, "constraints": self.constraints}
+        )
 
     async def _think(self) -> None:
         """Think about what to do and decide on the next action"""
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/sales.py b/metagpt/roles/sales.py
index fd5a42915..ba0a6fc6b 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/sales.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/sales.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 """
 
 from typing import Optional
-from pydantic import Field
 
 from metagpt.actions import SearchAndSummarize
 from metagpt.roles import Role
@@ -15,7 +14,6 @@ from metagpt.tools import SearchEngineType
 
 
 class Sales(Role):
-
     name: str = "Xiaomei"
     profile: str = "Retail sales guide"
     desc: str = "I am a sales guide in retail. My name is Xiaomei. I will answer some customer questions next, and I "
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/searcher.py b/metagpt/roles/searcher.py
index a5c399f47..a2136064f 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/searcher.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/searcher.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class Searcher(Role):
     goal: str = "Provide search services for users"
     constraints: str = "Answer is rich and complete"
     engine: SearchEngineType = SearchEngineType.SERPAPI_GOOGLE
-    
+
     def __init__(self, **kwargs) -> None:
         """
         Initializes the Searcher role with given attributes.
diff --git a/metagpt/schema.py b/metagpt/schema.py
index 5103a4f20..4a9df7fe2 100644
--- a/metagpt/schema.py
+++ b/metagpt/schema.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from abc import ABC
 from asyncio import Queue, QueueEmpty, wait_for
 from json import JSONDecodeError
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Set, Type, TypedDict, TypeVar, Any
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Type, TypedDict, TypeVar
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 
@@ -38,9 +38,12 @@ from metagpt.const import (
 )
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.utils.common import any_to_str, any_to_str_set, import_class
-from metagpt.utils.serialize import actionoutout_schema_to_mapping, actionoutput_mapping_to_str, \
-    actionoutput_str_to_mapping
 from metagpt.utils.exceptions import handle_exception
+from metagpt.utils.serialize import (
+    actionoutout_schema_to_mapping,
+    actionoutput_mapping_to_str,
+    actionoutput_str_to_mapping,
+)
 
 
 class RawMessage(TypedDict):
@@ -119,8 +122,9 @@ class Message(BaseModel):
             kwargs["instruct_content"] = ic_new
 
         kwargs["id"] = kwargs.get("id", uuid.uuid4().hex)
-        kwargs["cause_by"] = any_to_str(kwargs.get("cause_by",
-                                                   import_class("UserRequirement", "metagpt.actions.add_requirement")))
+        kwargs["cause_by"] = any_to_str(
+            kwargs.get("cause_by", import_class("UserRequirement", "metagpt.actions.add_requirement"))
+        )
         kwargs["sent_from"] = any_to_str(kwargs.get("sent_from", ""))
         kwargs["send_to"] = any_to_str_set(kwargs.get("send_to", {MESSAGE_ROUTE_TO_ALL}))
         super(Message, self).__init__(**kwargs)
@@ -138,7 +142,7 @@ class Message(BaseModel):
         super().__setattr__(key, new_val)
 
     def dict(self, *args, **kwargs) -> "DictStrAny":
-        """ overwrite the `dict` to dump dynamic pydantic model"""
+        """overwrite the `dict` to dump dynamic pydantic model"""
         obj_dict = super(Message, self).dict(*args, **kwargs)
         ic = self.instruct_content
         if ic:
@@ -208,9 +212,7 @@ class MessageQueue(BaseModel):
 
     _queue: Queue = Field(default_factory=Queue)
 
-    _private_attributes = {
-        "_queue": Queue()
-    }
+    _private_attributes = {"_queue": Queue()}
 
     class Config:
         arbitrary_types_allowed = True
diff --git a/metagpt/startup.py b/metagpt/startup.py
index 59e0cb199..767a19a9d 100644
--- a/metagpt/startup.py
+++ b/metagpt/startup.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import asyncio
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import typer
-from pathlib import Path
 
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def startup(
         help="The maximum number of times the 'SummarizeCode' action is automatically invoked, with -1 indicating "
         "unlimited. This parameter is used for debugging the workflow.",
     ),
-    recover_path: str = typer.Option(default=None, help="recover the project from existing serialized storage")
+    recover_path: str = typer.Option(default=None, help="recover the project from existing serialized storage"),
 ):
     """Run a startup. Be a boss."""
     from metagpt.roles import (
diff --git a/metagpt/team.py b/metagpt/team.py
index 0c1efb812..8b92ed47a 100644
--- a/metagpt/team.py
+++ b/metagpt/team.py
@@ -8,20 +8,24 @@
         Section 2.2.3.3 of RFC 135.
 """
 
-from pathlib import Path
 import warnings
+from pathlib import Path
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 
 from metagpt.actions import UserRequirement
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
-from metagpt.const import MESSAGE_ROUTE_TO_ALL
-from metagpt.const import SERDESER_PATH
+from metagpt.const import MESSAGE_ROUTE_TO_ALL, SERDESER_PATH
 from metagpt.environment import Environment
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.roles import Role
 from metagpt.schema import Message
-from metagpt.utils.common import NoMoneyException, read_json_file, write_json_file, serialize_decorator
+from metagpt.utils.common import (
+    NoMoneyException,
+    read_json_file,
+    serialize_decorator,
+    write_json_file,
+)
 
 
 class Team(BaseModel):
@@ -51,12 +55,14 @@ class Team(BaseModel):
 
     @classmethod
     def deserialize(cls, stg_path: Path) -> "Team":
-        """ stg_path = ./storage/team """
+        """stg_path = ./storage/team"""
         # recover team_info
         team_info_path = stg_path.joinpath("team_info.json")
         if not team_info_path.exists():
-            raise FileNotFoundError("recover storage meta file `team_info.json` not exist, "
-                                    "not to recover and please start a new project.")
+            raise FileNotFoundError(
+                "recover storage meta file `team_info.json` not exist, "
+                "not to recover and please start a new project."
+            )
 
         team_info: dict = read_json_file(team_info_path)
 
diff --git a/metagpt/utils/common.py b/metagpt/utils/common.py
index e123e8fd9..ea3316d66 100644
--- a/metagpt/utils/common.py
+++ b/metagpt/utils/common.py
@@ -22,8 +22,7 @@ import re
 import traceback
 import typing
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any
-from typing import List, Tuple, Union, get_args, get_origin
+from typing import Any, List, Tuple, Union, get_args, get_origin
 
 import aiofiles
 import loguru
@@ -219,7 +218,7 @@ class OutputParser:
 
         if start_index != -1 and end_index != -1:
             # Extract the structure part
-            structure_text = text[start_index: end_index + 1]
+            structure_text = text[start_index : end_index + 1]
 
             try:
                 # Attempt to convert the text to a Python data type using ast.literal_eval
@@ -439,7 +438,7 @@ def read_json_file(json_file: str, encoding=None) -> list[Any]:
     with open(json_file, "r", encoding=encoding) as fin:
         try:
             data = json.load(fin)
-        except Exception as exp:
+        except Exception:
             raise ValueError(f"read json file: {json_file} failed")
     return data
 
@@ -474,9 +473,9 @@ def serialize_decorator(func):
         try:
             result = await func(self, *args, **kwargs)
             return result
-        except KeyboardInterrupt as kbi:
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
             logger.error(f"KeyboardInterrupt occurs, start to serialize the project, exp:\n{format_trackback_info()}")
-        except Exception as exp:
+        except Exception:
             logger.error(f"Exception occurs, start to serialize the project, exp:\n{format_trackback_info()}")
         self.serialize()  # Team.serialize
 
@@ -491,14 +490,18 @@ def role_raise_decorator(func):
             logger.error(f"KeyboardInterrupt: {kbi} occurs, start to serialize the project")
             if self.latest_observed_msg:
                 self._rc.memory.delete(self.latest_observed_msg)
-            raise Exception(format_trackback_info(limit=None))  # raise again to make it captured outside
-        except Exception as exp:
+            # raise again to make it captured outside
+            raise Exception(format_trackback_info(limit=None))
+        except Exception:
             if self.latest_observed_msg:
-                logger.warning("There is a exception in role's execution, in order to resume, "
-                               "we delete the newest role communication message in the role's memory.")
+                logger.warning(
+                    "There is a exception in role's execution, in order to resume, "
+                    "we delete the newest role communication message in the role's memory."
+                )
                 # remove role newest observed msg to make it observed again
                 self._rc.memory.delete(self.latest_observed_msg)
-            raise Exception(format_trackback_info(limit=None))  # raise again to make it captured outside
+            # raise again to make it captured outside
+            raise Exception(format_trackback_info(limit=None))
 
     return wrapper
 
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_environment.py b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_environment.py
index b741b9c4b..096c1dd68 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_environment.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_environment.py
@@ -11,7 +11,11 @@ from metagpt.environment import Environment
 from metagpt.roles.project_manager import ProjectManager
 from metagpt.schema import Message
 from metagpt.utils.common import any_to_str
-from tests.metagpt.serialize_deserialize.test_serdeser_base import RoleC, ActionOK, serdeser_path
+from tests.metagpt.serialize_deserialize.test_serdeser_base import (
+    ActionOK,
+    RoleC,
+    serdeser_path,
+)
 
 
 def test_env_serialize():
@@ -35,10 +39,7 @@ def test_environment_serdeser():
     ic_obj = ActionNode.create_model_class("prd", out_mapping)
 
     message = Message(
-        content="prd",
-        instruct_content=ic_obj(**out_data),
-        role="product manager",
-        cause_by=any_to_str(UserRequirement)
+        content="prd", instruct_content=ic_obj(**out_data), role="product manager", cause_by=any_to_str(UserRequirement)
     )
 
     environment = Environment()
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_memory.py b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_memory.py
index 0d756518b..5a40f5c3b 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_memory.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_memory.py
@@ -14,17 +14,14 @@ from tests.metagpt.serialize_deserialize.test_serdeser_base import serdeser_path
 
 
 def test_memory_serdeser():
-    msg1 = Message(role="Boss",
-                   content="write a snake game",
-                   cause_by=UserRequirement)
+    msg1 = Message(role="Boss", content="write a snake game", cause_by=UserRequirement)
 
     out_mapping = {"field2": (list[str], ...)}
     out_data = {"field2": ["field2 value1", "field2 value2"]}
     ic_obj = ActionNode.create_model_class("system_design", out_mapping)
-    msg2 = Message(role="Architect",
-                   instruct_content=ic_obj(**out_data),
-                   content="system design content",
-                   cause_by=WriteDesign)
+    msg2 = Message(
+        role="Architect", instruct_content=ic_obj(**out_data), content="system design content", cause_by=WriteDesign
+    )
 
     memory = Memory()
     memory.add_batch([msg1, msg2])
@@ -40,17 +37,14 @@ def test_memory_serdeser():
 
 
 def test_memory_serdeser_save():
-    msg1 = Message(role="User",
-                   content="write a 2048 game",
-                   cause_by=UserRequirement)
+    msg1 = Message(role="User", content="write a 2048 game", cause_by=UserRequirement)
 
     out_mapping = {"field1": (list[str], ...)}
     out_data = {"field1": ["field1 value1", "field1 value2"]}
     ic_obj = ActionNode.create_model_class("system_design", out_mapping)
-    msg2 = Message(role="Architect",
-                   instruct_content=ic_obj(**out_data),
-                   content="system design content",
-                   cause_by=WriteDesign)
+    msg2 = Message(
+        role="Architect", instruct_content=ic_obj(**out_data), content="system design content", cause_by=WriteDesign
+    )
 
     memory = Memory()
     memory.add_batch([msg1, msg2])
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_role.py b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_role.py
index 88c7f7d8b..72da8a6fc 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_role.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_role.py
@@ -16,7 +16,12 @@ from metagpt.roles.product_manager import ProductManager
 from metagpt.roles.role import Role
 from metagpt.schema import Message
 from metagpt.utils.common import format_trackback_info
-from tests.metagpt.serialize_deserialize.test_serdeser_base import RoleA, RoleB, RoleC, serdeser_path
+from tests.metagpt.serialize_deserialize.test_serdeser_base import (
+    RoleA,
+    RoleB,
+    RoleC,
+    serdeser_path,
+)
 
 
 def test_roles():
@@ -75,12 +80,10 @@ async def test_role_serdeser_interrupt():
     role_c = RoleC()
     shutil.rmtree(SERDESER_PATH.joinpath("team"), ignore_errors=True)
 
-    stg_path = SERDESER_PATH.joinpath(f"team", "environment", "roles", "{role_c.__class__.__name__}_{role_c.name}")
+    stg_path = SERDESER_PATH.joinpath("team", "environment", "roles", f"{role_c.__class__.__name__}_{role_c.name}")
     try:
-        await role_c.run(
-            with_message=Message(content="demo", cause_by=UserRequirement)
-        )
-    except Exception as exp:
+        await role_c.run(with_message=Message(content="demo", cause_by=UserRequirement))
+    except Exception:
         logger.error(f"Exception in `role_a.run`, detail: {format_trackback_info()}")
         role_c.serialize(stg_path)
 
@@ -90,6 +93,4 @@ async def test_role_serdeser_interrupt():
     assert new_role_a._rc.state == 1
 
     with pytest.raises(Exception):
-        await role_c.run(
-            with_message=Message(content="demo", cause_by=UserRequirement)
-        )
+        await role_c.run(with_message=Message(content="demo", cause_by=UserRequirement))
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_schema.py b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_schema.py
index 72b7153a7..0358265a9 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_schema.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_schema.py
@@ -14,12 +14,7 @@ def test_message_serdeser():
     out_data = {"field3": "field3 value3", "field4": ["field4 value1", "field4 value2"]}
     ic_obj = ActionNode.create_model_class("code", out_mapping)
 
-    message = Message(
-        content="code",
-        instruct_content=ic_obj(**out_data),
-        role="engineer",
-        cause_by=WriteCode
-    )
+    message = Message(content="code", instruct_content=ic_obj(**out_data), role="engineer", cause_by=WriteCode)
     ser_data = message.dict()
     assert ser_data["cause_by"] == "metagpt.actions.write_code.WriteCode"
     assert ser_data["instruct_content"]["class"] == "code"
@@ -31,14 +26,11 @@ def test_message_serdeser():
 
 
 def test_message_without_postprocess():
-    """ to explain `instruct_content` should be postprocessed """
+    """to explain `instruct_content` should be postprocessed"""
     out_mapping = {"field1": (list[str], ...)}
     out_data = {"field1": ["field1 value1", "field1 value2"]}
     ic_obj = ActionNode.create_model_class("code", out_mapping)
-    message = MockMessage(
-        content="code",
-        instruct_content=ic_obj(**out_data)
-    )
+    message = MockMessage(content="code", instruct_content=ic_obj(**out_data))
     ser_data = message.dict()
     assert ser_data["instruct_content"] == {"field1": ["field1 value1", "field1 value2"]}
 
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_serdeser_base.py b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_serdeser_base.py
index eac083cf9..a66813489 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_serdeser_base.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_serdeser_base.py
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ serdeser_path = Path(__file__).absolute().parent.joinpath("..", "..", "data", "s
 
 
 class MockMessage(BaseModel):
-    """ to test normal dict without postprocess """
+    """to test normal dict without postprocess"""
+
     content: str = ""
     instruct_content: BaseModel = Field(default=None)
 
@@ -26,9 +27,7 @@ class ActionPass(Action):
 
     async def run(self, messages: list["Message"]) -> ActionOutput:
         await asyncio.sleep(5)  # sleep to make other roles can watch the executed Message
-        output_mapping = {
-            "result": (str, ...)
-        }
+        output_mapping = {"result": (str, ...)}
         pass_class = ActionNode.create_model_class("pass", output_mapping)
         pass_output = ActionOutput("ActionPass run passed", pass_class(**{"result": "pass result"}))
 
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_team.py b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_team.py
index db6001325..dc41fa4ed 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_team.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_team.py
@@ -8,10 +8,16 @@ import shutil
 import pytest
 
 from metagpt.const import SERDESER_PATH
-from metagpt.roles import ProjectManager, ProductManager, Architect
-from metagpt.team import Team
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from tests.metagpt.serialize_deserialize.test_serdeser_base import RoleA, RoleB, RoleC, serdeser_path, ActionOK
+from metagpt.roles import Architect, ProductManager, ProjectManager
+from metagpt.team import Team
+from tests.metagpt.serialize_deserialize.test_serdeser_base import (
+    ActionOK,
+    RoleA,
+    RoleB,
+    RoleC,
+    serdeser_path,
+)
 
 
 def test_team_deserialize():
@@ -110,10 +116,8 @@ async def test_team_recover_multi_roles_save():
     role_a = RoleA()
     role_b = RoleB()
 
-    assert role_a.subscription == {"tests.metagpt.serialize_deserialize.test_serdeser_base.RoleA",
-                                   "RoleA"}
-    assert role_b.subscription == {"tests.metagpt.serialize_deserialize.test_serdeser_base.RoleB",
-                                   "RoleB"}
+    assert role_a.subscription == {"tests.metagpt.serialize_deserialize.test_serdeser_base.RoleA", "RoleA"}
+    assert role_b.subscription == {"tests.metagpt.serialize_deserialize.test_serdeser_base.RoleB", "RoleB"}
     assert role_b._rc.watch == {"tests.metagpt.serialize_deserialize.test_serdeser_base.ActionPass"}
 
     company = Team()
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_code.py b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_code.py
index 0114c48da..65b8f456a 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_code.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_code.py
@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ def test_write_design_serialize():
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_write_code_deserialize():
-    context = CodingContext(filename="test_code.py",
-                            design_doc=Document(content="write add function to calculate two numbers"))
+    context = CodingContext(
+        filename="test_code.py", design_doc=Document(content="write add function to calculate two numbers")
+    )
     doc = Document(content=context.json())
     action = WriteCode(context=doc)
     serialized_data = action.dict()
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_code_review.py b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_code_review.py
index a15b744db..01026590c 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_code_review.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_code_review.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ def div(a: int, b: int = 0):
     context = CodingContext(
         filename="test_op.py",
         design_doc=Document(content="divide two numbers"),
-        code_doc=Document(content=code_content)
+        code_doc=Document(content=code_content),
     )
 
     action = WriteCodeReview(context=context)
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/test_environment.py b/tests/metagpt/test_environment.py
index ee322368e..56e2b4fc3 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/test_environment.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/test_environment.py
@@ -6,9 +6,10 @@
 @File    : test_environment.py
 """
 
-import pytest
 from pathlib import Path
 
+import pytest
+
 from metagpt.actions import UserRequirement
 from metagpt.environment import Environment
 from metagpt.logs import logger
@@ -16,7 +17,6 @@ from metagpt.manager import Manager
 from metagpt.roles import Architect, ProductManager, Role
 from metagpt.schema import Message
 
-
 serdeser_path = Path(__file__).absolute().parent.joinpath("../data/serdeser_storage")
 
 
@@ -26,23 +26,16 @@ def env():
 
 
 def test_add_role(env: Environment):
-    role = ProductManager(name="Alice",
-                          profile="product manager",
-                          goal="create a new product",
-                          constraints="limited resources")
+    role = ProductManager(
+        name="Alice", profile="product manager", goal="create a new product", constraints="limited resources"
+    )
     env.add_role(role)
     assert env.get_role(role.profile) == role
 
 
 def test_get_roles(env: Environment):
-    role1 = Role(name="Alice",
-                 profile="product manager",
-                 goal="create a new product",
-                 constraints="limited resources")
-    role2 = Role(name="Bob",
-                 profile="engineer",
-                 goal="develop the new product",
-                 constraints="short deadline")
+    role1 = Role(name="Alice", profile="product manager", goal="create a new product", constraints="limited resources")
+    role2 = Role(name="Bob", profile="engineer", goal="develop the new product", constraints="short deadline")
     env.add_role(role1)
     env.add_role(role2)
     roles = env.get_roles()
@@ -51,14 +44,10 @@ def test_get_roles(env: Environment):
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_publish_and_process_message(env: Environment):
-    product_manager = ProductManager(name="Alice",
-                                     profile="Product Manager",
-                                     goal="做AI Native产品",
-                                     constraints="资源有限")
-    architect = Architect(name="Bob",
-                          profile="Architect",
-                          goal="设计一个可用、高效、较低成本的系统，包括数据结构与接口",
-                          constraints="资源有限，需要节省成本")
+    product_manager = ProductManager(name="Alice", profile="Product Manager", goal="做AI Native产品", constraints="资源有限")
+    architect = Architect(
+        name="Bob", profile="Architect", goal="设计一个可用、高效、较低成本的系统，包括数据结构与接口", constraints="资源有限，需要节省成本"
+    )
 
     env.add_roles([product_manager, architect])
 
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/test_schema.py b/tests/metagpt/test_schema.py
index ef706abfa..1742757e8 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/test_schema.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/test_schema.py
@@ -9,12 +9,13 @@
 """
 
 import json
+
 import pytest
 
 from metagpt.actions import Action
-from metagpt.schema import AIMessage, Message, SystemMessage, UserMessage
 from metagpt.actions.action_node import ActionNode
 from metagpt.actions.write_code import WriteCode
+from metagpt.schema import AIMessage, Message, SystemMessage, UserMessage
 from metagpt.utils.common import any_to_str
 
 
@@ -77,24 +78,13 @@ def test_message_serdeser():
     out_data = {"field3": "field3 value3", "field4": ["field4 value1", "field4 value2"]}
     ic_obj = ActionNode.create_model_class("code", out_mapping)
 
-    message = Message(
-        content="code",
-        instruct_content=ic_obj(**out_data),
-        role="engineer",
-        cause_by=WriteCode
-    )
+    message = Message(content="code", instruct_content=ic_obj(**out_data), role="engineer", cause_by=WriteCode)
     message_dict = message.dict()
     assert message_dict["cause_by"] == "metagpt.actions.write_code.WriteCode"
     assert message_dict["instruct_content"] == {
         "class": "code",
-        "mapping": {
-            "field3": "(<class 'str'>, Ellipsis)",
-            "field4": "(list[str], Ellipsis)"
-        },
-        "value": {
-            "field3": "field3 value3",
-            "field4": ["field4 value1", "field4 value2"]
-        }
+        "mapping": {"field3": "(<class 'str'>, Ellipsis)", "field4": "(list[str], Ellipsis)"},
+        "value": {"field3": "field3 value3", "field4": ["field4 value1", "field4 value2"]},
     }
 
     new_message = Message(**message_dict)
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/test_team.py b/tests/metagpt/test_team.py
index efd035bb2..930306b5e 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/test_team.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/test_team.py
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # @Desc   : unittest of team
 
-from metagpt.team import Team
 from metagpt.roles.project_manager import ProjectManager
+from metagpt.team import Team
 
 
 def test_team():