diff --git a/metagpt/actions/action_node.py b/metagpt/actions/action_node.py
index 8488fbe4c..4c06d0d1d 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/action_node.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/action_node.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from tenacity import retry, stop_after_attempt, wait_random_exponential
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.postprecess.llm_output_postprecess import llm_output_postprecess
+from metagpt.provider.postprocess.llm_output_postprocess import llm_output_postprocess
 from metagpt.utils.common import OutputParser, general_after_log
 
 TAG = "CONTENT"
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ class ActionNode:
         output_class = self.create_model_class(output_class_name, output_data_mapping)
 
         if schema == "json":
-            parsed_data = llm_output_postprecess(
+            parsed_data = llm_output_postprocess(
                 output=content, schema=output_class.model_json_schema(), req_key=f"[/{TAG}]"
             )
         else:  # using markdown parser
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/debug_error.py b/metagpt/actions/debug_error.py
index 1a7c3a7c8..34f784072 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/debug_error.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/debug_error.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ from pydantic import Field
 from metagpt.actions.action import Action
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.const import TEST_CODES_FILE_REPO, TEST_OUTPUTS_FILE_REPO
-from metagpt.llm import LLM, BaseLLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.schema import RunCodeContext, RunCodeResult
 from metagpt.utils.common import CodeParser
@@ -52,7 +51,6 @@ Now you should start rewriting the code:
 class DebugError(Action):
     name: str = "DebugError"
     context: RunCodeContext = Field(default_factory=RunCodeContext)
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     async def run(self, *args, **kwargs) -> str:
         output_doc = await FileRepository.get_file(
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/design_api.py b/metagpt/actions/design_api.py
index 32e2a2a19..03f3d7704 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/design_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/design_api.py
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@ import json
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Optional
 
-from pydantic import Field
-
 from metagpt.actions import Action, ActionOutput
 from metagpt.actions.design_api_an import DESIGN_API_NODE
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
@@ -25,9 +23,7 @@ from metagpt.const import (
     SYSTEM_DESIGN_FILE_REPO,
     SYSTEM_DESIGN_PDF_FILE_REPO,
 )
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import Document, Documents, Message
 from metagpt.utils.file_repository import FileRepository
 from metagpt.utils.mermaid import mermaid_to_file
@@ -44,7 +40,6 @@ NEW_REQ_TEMPLATE = """
 class WriteDesign(Action):
     name: str = ""
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
     desc: str = (
         "Based on the PRD, think about the system design, and design the corresponding APIs, "
         "data structures, library tables, processes, and paths. Please provide your design, feedback "
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/design_api_review.py b/metagpt/actions/design_api_review.py
index 6ea76e2fc..fb1b92d85 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/design_api_review.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/design_api_review.py
@@ -8,17 +8,12 @@
 
 from typing import Optional
 
-from pydantic import Field
-
 from metagpt.actions.action import Action
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
-from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 
 
 class DesignReview(Action):
     name: str = "DesignReview"
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     async def run(self, prd, api_design):
         prompt = (
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/execute_task.py b/metagpt/actions/execute_task.py
index 8577ee275..4ae4ee17b 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/execute_task.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/execute_task.py
@@ -6,18 +6,14 @@
 @File    : execute_task.py
 """
 
-from pydantic import Field
 
 from metagpt.actions import Action
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
-from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import Message
 
 
 class ExecuteTask(Action):
     name: str = "ExecuteTask"
     context: list[Message] = []
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     async def run(self, *args, **kwargs):
         pass
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/invoice_ocr.py b/metagpt/actions/invoice_ocr.py
index 94288d5be..826d37ef7 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/invoice_ocr.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/invoice_ocr.py
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ class InvoiceOCR(Action):
 
     name: str = "InvoiceOCR"
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     @staticmethod
     async def _check_file_type(file_path: Path) -> str:
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/prepare_documents.py b/metagpt/actions/prepare_documents.py
index c0aa9d9d6..a936ea655 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/prepare_documents.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/prepare_documents.py
@@ -11,13 +11,9 @@ import shutil
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Optional
 
-from pydantic import Field
-
 from metagpt.actions import Action, ActionOutput
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.const import DOCS_FILE_REPO, REQUIREMENT_FILENAME
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
-from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import Document
 from metagpt.utils.file_repository import FileRepository
 from metagpt.utils.git_repository import GitRepository
@@ -28,7 +24,6 @@ class PrepareDocuments(Action):
 
     name: str = "PrepareDocuments"
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     def _init_repo(self):
         """Initialize the Git environment."""
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/project_management.py b/metagpt/actions/project_management.py
index a32bf6151..b33f3426d 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/project_management.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/project_management.py
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 import json
 from typing import Optional
 
-from pydantic import Field
-
 from metagpt.actions import ActionOutput
 from metagpt.actions.action import Action
 from metagpt.actions.project_management_an import PM_NODE
@@ -25,9 +23,7 @@ from metagpt.const import (
     TASK_FILE_REPO,
     TASK_PDF_FILE_REPO,
 )
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import Document, Documents
 from metagpt.utils.file_repository import FileRepository
 
@@ -43,7 +39,6 @@ NEW_REQ_TEMPLATE = """
 class WriteTasks(Action):
     name: str = "CreateTasks"
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     async def run(self, with_messages, schema=CONFIG.prompt_schema):
         system_design_file_repo = CONFIG.git_repo.new_file_repository(SYSTEM_DESIGN_FILE_REPO)
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/research.py b/metagpt/actions/research.py
index 2e042ef83..90b08cb6a 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/research.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/research.py
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ class CollectLinks(Action):
 
     name: str = "CollectLinks"
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
     desc: str = "Collect links from a search engine."
 
     search_engine: SearchEngine = Field(default_factory=SearchEngine)
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/run_code.py b/metagpt/actions/run_code.py
index d22aa47ce..30b06f1a6 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/run_code.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/run_code.py
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ from pydantic import Field
 
 from metagpt.actions.action import Action
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
-from metagpt.llm import LLM, BaseLLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.schema import RunCodeContext, RunCodeResult
 from metagpt.utils.exceptions import handle_exception
@@ -79,7 +78,6 @@ standard errors:
 class RunCode(Action):
     name: str = "RunCode"
     context: RunCodeContext = Field(default_factory=RunCodeContext)
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     @classmethod
     async def run_text(cls, code) -> Tuple[str, str]:
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/search_and_summarize.py b/metagpt/actions/search_and_summarize.py
index cd3ef7d77..d2e361f73 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/search_and_summarize.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/search_and_summarize.py
@@ -12,9 +12,7 @@ from pydantic import Field, model_validator
 
 from metagpt.actions import Action
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG, Config
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import Message
 from metagpt.tools import SearchEngineType
 from metagpt.tools.search_engine import SearchEngine
@@ -109,7 +107,6 @@ You are a member of a professional butler team and will provide helpful suggesti
 class SearchAndSummarize(Action):
     name: str = ""
     content: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
     config: None = Field(default_factory=Config)
     engine: Optional[SearchEngineType] = CONFIG.search_engine
     search_func: Optional[Any] = None
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/summarize_code.py b/metagpt/actions/summarize_code.py
index 4025e0964..bdad546d7 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/summarize_code.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/summarize_code.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ from tenacity import retry, stop_after_attempt, wait_random_exponential
 from metagpt.actions.action import Action
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.const import SYSTEM_DESIGN_FILE_REPO, TASK_FILE_REPO
-from metagpt.llm import LLM, BaseLLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.schema import CodeSummarizeContext
 from metagpt.utils.file_repository import FileRepository
@@ -95,7 +94,6 @@ flowchart TB
 class SummarizeCode(Action):
     name: str = "SummarizeCode"
     context: CodeSummarizeContext = Field(default_factory=CodeSummarizeContext)
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     @retry(stop=stop_after_attempt(2), wait=wait_random_exponential(min=1, max=60))
     async def summarize_code(self, prompt):
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_code.py b/metagpt/actions/write_code.py
index e3086f03c..25c4912c3 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_code.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_code.py
@@ -29,9 +29,7 @@ from metagpt.const import (
     TASK_FILE_REPO,
     TEST_OUTPUTS_FILE_REPO,
 )
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import CodingContext, Document, RunCodeResult
 from metagpt.utils.common import CodeParser
 from metagpt.utils.file_repository import FileRepository
@@ -90,7 +88,6 @@ ATTENTION: Use '##' to SPLIT SECTIONS, not '#'. Output format carefully referenc
 class WriteCode(Action):
     name: str = "WriteCode"
     context: Document = Field(default_factory=Document)
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     @retry(wait=wait_random_exponential(min=1, max=60), stop=stop_after_attempt(6))
     async def write_code(self, prompt) -> str:
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_code_review.py b/metagpt/actions/write_code_review.py
index a8ed0fd01..a8c913573 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_code_review.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_code_review.py
@@ -14,9 +14,7 @@ from tenacity import retry, stop_after_attempt, wait_random_exponential
 from metagpt.actions import WriteCode
 from metagpt.actions.action import Action
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import CodingContext
 from metagpt.utils.common import CodeParser
 
@@ -123,7 +121,6 @@ REWRITE_CODE_TEMPLATE = """
 class WriteCodeReview(Action):
     name: str = "WriteCodeReview"
     context: CodingContext = Field(default_factory=CodingContext)
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     @retry(wait=wait_random_exponential(min=1, max=60), stop=stop_after_attempt(6))
     async def write_code_review_and_rewrite(self, context_prompt, cr_prompt, filename):
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_docstring.py b/metagpt/actions/write_docstring.py
index 728b49fab..8b8335517 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_docstring.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_docstring.py
@@ -27,11 +27,7 @@ import ast
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Literal, Optional
 
-from pydantic import Field
-
 from metagpt.actions.action import Action
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
-from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.utils.common import OutputParser, aread, awrite
 from metagpt.utils.pycst import merge_docstring
 
@@ -166,7 +162,6 @@ class WriteDocstring(Action):
 
     desc: str = "Write docstring for code."
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     async def run(
         self,
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py b/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py
index 8e4229991..d51c0a7be 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ import json
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Optional
 
-from pydantic import Field
-
 from metagpt.actions import Action, ActionOutput
 from metagpt.actions.action_node import ActionNode
 from metagpt.actions.fix_bug import FixBug
@@ -37,9 +35,7 @@ from metagpt.const import (
     PRDS_FILE_REPO,
     REQUIREMENT_FILENAME,
 )
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import BugFixContext, Document, Documents, Message
 from metagpt.utils.common import CodeParser
 from metagpt.utils.file_repository import FileRepository
@@ -68,7 +64,6 @@ NEW_REQ_TEMPLATE = """
 class WritePRD(Action):
     name: str = "WritePRD"
     content: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     async def run(self, with_messages, schema=CONFIG.prompt_schema, *args, **kwargs) -> ActionOutput | Message:
         # Determine which requirement documents need to be rewritten: Use LLM to assess whether new requirements are
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_prd_review.py b/metagpt/actions/write_prd_review.py
index 9199e7536..2babe38db 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_prd_review.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_prd_review.py
@@ -8,17 +8,12 @@
 
 from typing import Optional
 
-from pydantic import Field
-
 from metagpt.actions.action import Action
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
-from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 
 
 class WritePRDReview(Action):
     name: str = ""
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     prd: Optional[str] = None
     desc: str = "Based on the PRD, conduct a PRD Review, providing clear and detailed feedback"
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_review.py b/metagpt/actions/write_review.py
index d116556ba..db8512946 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_review.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_review.py
@@ -6,12 +6,8 @@
 """
 from typing import List
 
-from pydantic import Field
-
 from metagpt.actions import Action
 from metagpt.actions.action_node import ActionNode
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
-from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 
 REVIEW = ActionNode(
     key="Review",
@@ -38,7 +34,6 @@ class WriteReview(Action):
     """Write a review for the given context."""
 
     name: str = "WriteReview"
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     async def run(self, context):
         return await WRITE_REVIEW_NODE.fill(context=context, llm=self.llm, schema="json")
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_teaching_plan.py b/metagpt/actions/write_teaching_plan.py
index 888627294..b824e055e 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_teaching_plan.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_teaching_plan.py
@@ -7,20 +7,15 @@
 """
 from typing import Optional
 
-from pydantic import Field
-
 from metagpt.actions import Action
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 
 
 class WriteTeachingPlanPart(Action):
     """Write Teaching Plan Part"""
 
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
     topic: str = ""
     language: str = "Chinese"
     rsp: Optional[str] = None
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_test.py b/metagpt/actions/write_test.py
index 321d31420..0166f5417 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_test.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_test.py
@@ -10,14 +10,10 @@
 
 from typing import Optional
 
-from pydantic import Field
-
 from metagpt.actions.action import Action
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.const import TEST_CODES_FILE_REPO
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import Document, TestingContext
 from metagpt.utils.common import CodeParser
 
@@ -45,7 +41,6 @@ you should correctly import the necessary classes based on these file locations!
 class WriteTest(Action):
     name: str = "WriteTest"
     context: Optional[TestingContext] = None
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     async def write_code(self, prompt):
         code_rsp = await self._aask(prompt)
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_tutorial.py b/metagpt/actions/write_tutorial.py
index a2a324b41..184cd8573 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_tutorial.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_tutorial.py
@@ -9,12 +9,8 @@
 
 from typing import Dict
 
-from pydantic import Field
-
 from metagpt.actions import Action
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.prompts.tutorial_assistant import CONTENT_PROMPT, DIRECTORY_PROMPT
-from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.utils.common import OutputParser
 
 
@@ -27,7 +23,6 @@ class WriteDirectory(Action):
     """
 
     name: str = "WriteDirectory"
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
     language: str = "Chinese"
 
     async def run(self, topic: str, *args, **kwargs) -> Dict:
@@ -54,7 +49,6 @@ class WriteContent(Action):
     """
 
     name: str = "WriteContent"
-    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
     directory: dict = dict()
     language: str = "Chinese"
 
diff --git a/metagpt/memory/brain_memory.py b/metagpt/memory/brain_memory.py
index 44451a9e6..fe6bf991d 100644
--- a/metagpt/memory/brain_memory.py
+++ b/metagpt/memory/brain_memory.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.const import DEFAULT_LANGUAGE, DEFAULT_MAX_TOKENS, DEFAULT_TOKEN_SIZE
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider import MetaGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider import MetaGPTLLM
 from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import Message, SimpleMessage
 from metagpt.utils.redis import Redis
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class BrainMemory(BaseModel):
         return v
 
     async def summarize(self, llm, max_words=200, keep_language: bool = False, limit: int = -1, **kwargs):
-        if isinstance(llm, MetaGPTAPI):
+        if isinstance(llm, MetaGPTLLM):
             return await self._metagpt_summarize(max_words=max_words)
 
         self.llm = llm
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ class BrainMemory(BaseModel):
 
     async def get_title(self, llm, max_words=5, **kwargs) -> str:
         """Generate text title"""
-        if isinstance(llm, MetaGPTAPI):
+        if isinstance(llm, MetaGPTLLM):
             return self.history[0].content if self.history else "New"
 
         summary = await self.summarize(llm=llm, max_words=500)
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ class BrainMemory(BaseModel):
         return response
 
     async def is_related(self, text1, text2, llm):
-        if isinstance(llm, MetaGPTAPI):
+        if isinstance(llm, MetaGPTLLM):
             return await self._metagpt_is_related(text1=text1, text2=text2, llm=llm)
         return await self._openai_is_related(text1=text1, text2=text2, llm=llm)
 
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ class BrainMemory(BaseModel):
         return result
 
     async def rewrite(self, sentence: str, context: str, llm):
-        if isinstance(llm, MetaGPTAPI):
+        if isinstance(llm, MetaGPTLLM):
             return await self._metagpt_rewrite(sentence=sentence, context=context, llm=llm)
         return await self._openai_rewrite(sentence=sentence, context=context, llm=llm)
 
diff --git a/metagpt/memory/longterm_memory.py b/metagpt/memory/longterm_memory.py
index 8da6ed84a..b54653970 100644
--- a/metagpt/memory/longterm_memory.py
+++ b/metagpt/memory/longterm_memory.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from pydantic import ConfigDict, Field
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.memory import Memory
 from metagpt.memory.memory_storage import MemoryStorage
+from metagpt.roles.role import RoleContext
 from metagpt.schema import Message
 
 
@@ -25,10 +26,10 @@ class LongTermMemory(Memory):
     model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
 
     memory_storage: MemoryStorage = Field(default_factory=MemoryStorage)
-    rc: Optional["RoleContext"] = None
+    rc: Optional[RoleContext] = None
     msg_from_recover: bool = False
 
-    def recover_memory(self, role_id: str, rc: "RoleContext"):
+    def recover_memory(self, role_id: str, rc: RoleContext):
         messages = self.memory_storage.recover_memory(role_id)
         self.rc = rc
         if not self.memory_storage.is_initialized:
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/__init__.py b/metagpt/provider/__init__.py
index 36d585c94..28157a4e2 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/__init__.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/__init__.py
@@ -7,21 +7,21 @@
 """
 
 from metagpt.provider.fireworks_api import FireworksLLM
-from metagpt.provider.google_gemini_api import GeminiGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.google_gemini_api import GeminiLLM
 from metagpt.provider.ollama_api import OllamaLLM
-from metagpt.provider.open_llm_api import OpenLLMGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.open_llm_api import OpenLLM
 from metagpt.provider.openai_api import OpenAILLM
-from metagpt.provider.zhipuai_api import ZhiPuAIGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.zhipuai_api import ZhiPuAILLM
 from metagpt.provider.azure_openai_api import AzureOpenAILLM
-from metagpt.provider.metagpt_api import MetaGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.metagpt_api import MetaGPTLLM
 
 __all__ = [
     "FireworksLLM",
-    "GeminiGPTAPI",
-    "OpenLLMGPTAPI",
+    "GeminiLLM",
+    "OpenLLM",
     "OpenAILLM",
-    "ZhiPuAIGPTAPI",
+    "ZhiPuAILLM",
     "AzureOpenAILLM",
-    "MetaGPTAPI",
+    "MetaGPTLLM",
     "OllamaLLM",
 ]
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/general_api_base.py b/metagpt/provider/general_api_base.py
index 814be2f67..bbe03774c 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/general_api_base.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/general_api_base.py
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ def log_info(message, **params):
 def log_warn(message, **params):
     msg = logfmt(dict(message=message, **params))
     print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
-    logger.warn(msg)
+    logger.warning(msg)
 
 
 def logfmt(props):
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/google_gemini_api.py b/metagpt/provider/google_gemini_api.py
index f862e8084..795687773 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/google_gemini_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/google_gemini_api.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class GeminiGenerativeModel(GenerativeModel):
 
 
 @register_provider(LLMProviderEnum.GEMINI)
-class GeminiGPTAPI(BaseLLM):
+class GeminiLLM(BaseLLM):
     """
     Refs to `https://ai.google.dev/tutorials/python_quickstart`
     """
@@ -79,9 +79,6 @@ class GeminiGPTAPI(BaseLLM):
             except Exception as e:
                 logger.error(f"google gemini updats costs failed! exp: {e}")
 
-    def close(self):
-        pass
-
     def get_choice_text(self, resp: GenerateContentResponse) -> str:
         return resp.text
 
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/metagpt_api.py b/metagpt/provider/metagpt_api.py
index 2b7629895..69aa7f305 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/metagpt_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/metagpt_api.py
@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@ from metagpt.provider.llm_provider_registry import register_provider
 
 
 @register_provider(LLMProviderEnum.METAGPT)
-class MetaGPTAPI(OpenAILLM):
+class MetaGPTLLM(OpenAILLM):
     def __init__(self):
         super().__init__()
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/open_llm_api.py b/metagpt/provider/open_llm_api.py
index 976e95c57..7f5870702 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/open_llm_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/open_llm_api.py
@@ -31,11 +31,10 @@ class OpenLLMCostManager(CostManager):
             f"Max budget: ${CONFIG.max_budget:.3f} | reference "
             f"prompt_tokens: {prompt_tokens}, completion_tokens: {completion_tokens}"
         )
-        CONFIG.total_cost = self.total_cost
 
 
 @register_provider(LLMProviderEnum.OPEN_LLM)
-class OpenLLMGPTAPI(OpenAILLM):
+class OpenLLM(OpenAILLM):
     def __init__(self):
         self.config: Config = CONFIG
         self.__init_openllm()
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/postprecess/__init__.py b/metagpt/provider/postprocess/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from metagpt/provider/postprecess/__init__.py
rename to metagpt/provider/postprocess/__init__.py
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/postprecess/base_postprecess_plugin.py b/metagpt/provider/postprocess/base_postprocess_plugin.py
similarity index 98%
rename from metagpt/provider/postprecess/base_postprecess_plugin.py
rename to metagpt/provider/postprocess/base_postprocess_plugin.py
index 46646be91..48130ede8 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/postprecess/base_postprecess_plugin.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/postprocess/base_postprocess_plugin.py
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ from metagpt.utils.repair_llm_raw_output import (
 )
 
 
-class BasePostPrecessPlugin(object):
-    model = None  # the plugin of the `model`, use to judge in `llm_postprecess`
+class BasePostProcessPlugin(object):
+    model = None  # the plugin of the `model`, use to judge in `llm_postprocess`
 
     def run_repair_llm_output(self, output: str, schema: dict, req_key: str = "[/CONTENT]") -> Union[dict, list]:
         """
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/postprecess/llm_output_postprecess.py b/metagpt/provider/postprocess/llm_output_postprocess.py
similarity index 58%
rename from metagpt/provider/postprecess/llm_output_postprecess.py
rename to metagpt/provider/postprocess/llm_output_postprocess.py
index 85405543d..f898ba3d7 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/postprecess/llm_output_postprecess.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/postprocess/llm_output_postprocess.py
@@ -4,17 +4,17 @@
 
 from typing import Union
 
-from metagpt.provider.postprecess.base_postprecess_plugin import BasePostPrecessPlugin
+from metagpt.provider.postprocess.base_postprocess_plugin import BasePostProcessPlugin
 
 
-def llm_output_postprecess(
+def llm_output_postprocess(
     output: str, schema: dict, req_key: str = "[/CONTENT]", model_name: str = None
 ) -> Union[dict, str]:
     """
-    default use BasePostPrecessPlugin if there is not matched plugin.
+    default use BasePostProcessPlugin if there is not matched plugin.
     """
     # TODO choose different model's plugin according to the model_name
-    postprecess_plugin = BasePostPrecessPlugin()
+    postprocess_plugin = BasePostProcessPlugin()
 
-    result = postprecess_plugin.run(output=output, schema=schema, req_key=req_key)
+    result = postprocess_plugin.run(output=output, schema=schema, req_key=req_key)
     return result
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/zhipuai/zhipu_model_api.py b/metagpt/provider/zhipuai/zhipu_model_api.py
index 19eb52530..72be0f333 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/zhipuai/zhipu_model_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/zhipuai/zhipu_model_api.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class ZhiPuModelAPI(ModelAPI):
                 zhipu_api_url: https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v3/model-api/{model}/{invoke_method}
         """
         arr = zhipu_api_url.split("/api/")
-        # ("https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/" , "/paas/v3/model-api/chatglm_turbo/invoke")
+        # ("https://open.bigmodel.cn/api" , "/paas/v3/model-api/chatglm_turbo/invoke")
         return f"{arr[0]}/api", f"/{arr[1]}"
 
     @classmethod
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/zhipuai_api.py b/metagpt/provider/zhipuai_api.py
index df8c330b8..addbe58af 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/zhipuai_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/zhipuai_api.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 import json
 from enum import Enum
 
+import openai
 import zhipuai
 from requests import ConnectionError
 from tenacity import (
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ class ZhiPuEvent(Enum):
 
 
 @register_provider(LLMProviderEnum.ZHIPUAI)
-class ZhiPuAIGPTAPI(BaseLLM):
+class ZhiPuAILLM(BaseLLM):
     """
     Refs to `https://open.bigmodel.cn/dev/api#chatglm_turbo`
     From now, there is only one model named `chatglm_turbo`
@@ -67,9 +68,6 @@ class ZhiPuAIGPTAPI(BaseLLM):
             except Exception as e:
                 logger.error(f"zhipuai updats costs failed! exp: {e}")
 
-    def close(self):
-        pass
-
     def get_choice_text(self, resp: dict) -> str:
         """get the first text of choice from llm response"""
         assist_msg = resp.get("data", {}).get("choices", [{"role": "error"}])[-1]
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/role.py b/metagpt/roles/role.py
index 29f3b0595..81815e91b 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/role.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/role.py
@@ -394,7 +394,9 @@ class Role(SerializationMixin, is_polymorphic_base=True):
         old_messages = [] if ignore_memory else self.rc.memory.get()
         self.rc.memory.add_batch(news)
         # Filter out messages of interest.
-        self.rc.news = [n for n in news if n.cause_by in self.rc.watch and n not in old_messages]
+        self.rc.news = [
+            n for n in news if (n.cause_by in self.rc.watch or self.name in n.send_to) and n not in old_messages
+        ]
         self.latest_observed_msg = self.rc.news[-1] if self.rc.news else None  # record the latest observed msg
 
         # Design Rules:
diff --git a/metagpt/schema.py b/metagpt/schema.py
index 41303ea46..5dde0ee46 100644
--- a/metagpt/schema.py
+++ b/metagpt/schema.py
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class Message(BaseModel):
     role: str = "user"  # system / user / assistant
     cause_by: str = Field(default="", validate_default=True)
     sent_from: str = Field(default="", validate_default=True)
-    send_to: set = Field(default={MESSAGE_ROUTE_TO_ALL}, validate_default=True)
+    send_to: set[str] = Field(default={MESSAGE_ROUTE_TO_ALL}, validate_default=True)
 
     @field_validator("id", mode="before")
     @classmethod
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/memory/test_longterm_memory.py b/tests/metagpt/memory/test_longterm_memory.py
index ac33552b3..c915a6610 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/memory/test_longterm_memory.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/memory/test_longterm_memory.py
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ def test_ltm_search():
     assert len(CONFIG.openai_api_key) > 20
 
     role_id = "UTUserLtm(Product Manager)"
+    from metagpt.environment import Environment
+
+    Environment
+    RoleContext.model_rebuild()
     rc = RoleContext(watch={"metagpt.actions.add_requirement.UserRequirement"})
     ltm = LongTermMemory()
     ltm.recover_memory(role_id, rc)
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/memory/test_memory_storage.py b/tests/metagpt/memory/test_memory_storage.py
index f1cc12aac..0eb1069d5 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/memory/test_memory_storage.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/memory/test_memory_storage.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def test_idea_message():
     role_id = "UTUser1(Product Manager)"
     message = Message(role="User", content=idea, cause_by=UserRequirement)
 
-    shutil.rmtree(Path(DATA_PATH / f"role_mem/{role_id}/"))
+    shutil.rmtree(Path(DATA_PATH / f"role_mem/{role_id}/"), ignore_errors=True)
 
     memory_storage: MemoryStorage = MemoryStorage()
     messages = memory_storage.recover_memory(role_id)
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def test_actionout_message():
         content=content, instruct_content=ic_obj(**out_data), role="user", cause_by=WritePRD
     )  # WritePRD as test action
 
-    shutil.rmtree(Path(DATA_PATH / f"role_mem/{role_id}/"))
+    shutil.rmtree(Path(DATA_PATH / f"role_mem/{role_id}/"), ignore_errors=True)
 
     memory_storage: MemoryStorage = MemoryStorage()
     messages = memory_storage.recover_memory(role_id)
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/postprocess/__init__.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/postprocess/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2bcf8efd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/postprocess/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# @Desc   :
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/postprocess/test_base_postprocess_plugin.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/postprocess/test_base_postprocess_plugin.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..824bb88f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/postprocess/test_base_postprocess_plugin.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# @Desc   :
+
+
+from metagpt.provider.postprocess.base_postprocess_plugin import BasePostProcessPlugin
+
+raw_output = """
+[CONTENT]
+{
+"Original Requirements": "xxx"
+}
+[/CONTENT]
+"""
+raw_schema = {
+    "title": "prd",
+    "type": "object",
+    "properties": {
+        "Original Requirements": {"title": "Original Requirements", "type": "string"},
+    },
+    "required": [
+        "Original Requirements",
+    ],
+}
+
+
+def test_llm_post_process_plugin():
+    post_process_plugin = BasePostProcessPlugin()
+
+    output = post_process_plugin.run(output=raw_output, schema=raw_schema)
+    assert "Original Requirements" in output
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/postprocess/test_llm_output_postprocess.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/postprocess/test_llm_output_postprocess.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40457b186
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/postprocess/test_llm_output_postprocess.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# @Desc   :
+
+
+from metagpt.provider.postprocess.llm_output_postprocess import llm_output_postprocess
+from tests.metagpt.provider.postprocess.test_base_postprocess_plugin import (
+    raw_output,
+    raw_schema,
+)
+
+
+def test_llm_output_postprocess():
+    output = llm_output_postprocess(output=raw_output, schema=raw_schema)
+    assert "Original Requirements" in output
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_anthropic_api.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_anthropic_api.py
index 4d3de5320..4410717a9 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_anthropic_api.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_anthropic_api.py
@@ -2,28 +2,33 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # @Desc   : the unittest of Claude2
 
-import pytest
 
+import pytest
+from anthropic.resources.completions import Completion
+
+from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.provider.anthropic_api import Claude2
 
+CONFIG.anthropic_api_key = "xxx"
+
 prompt = "who are you"
 resp = "I'am Claude2"
 
 
-def mock_llm_ask(self, msg: str) -> str:
-    return resp
+def mock_anthropic_completions_create(self, model: str, prompt: str, max_tokens_to_sample: int) -> Completion:
+    return Completion(id="xx", completion=resp, model="claude-2", stop_reason="stop_sequence", type="completion")
 
 
-async def mock_llm_aask(self, msg: str) -> str:
-    return resp
+async def mock_anthropic_acompletions_create(self, model: str, prompt: str, max_tokens_to_sample: int) -> Completion:
+    return Completion(id="xx", completion=resp, model="claude-2", stop_reason="stop_sequence", type="completion")
 
 
 def test_claude2_ask(mocker):
-    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.anthropic_api.Claude2.ask", mock_llm_ask)
+    mocker.patch("anthropic.resources.completions.Completions.create", mock_anthropic_completions_create)
     assert resp == Claude2().ask(prompt)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_claude2_aask(mocker):
-    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.anthropic_api.Claude2.aask", mock_llm_aask)
+    mocker.patch("anthropic.resources.completions.AsyncCompletions.create", mock_anthropic_acompletions_create)
     assert resp == await Claude2().aask(prompt)
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_azure_openai_api.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_azure_openai_api.py
index a1f1effeb..f36740e65 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_azure_openai_api.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_azure_openai_api.py
@@ -1,20 +1,14 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-"""
-@Time    : 2023/12/28
-@Author  : mashenquan
-@File    : test_azure_openai.py
-"""
-from metagpt.config import CONFIG, LLMProviderEnum
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
+# @Desc   :
 
 
-def test_llm():
-    # Prerequisites
-    assert CONFIG.DEPLOYMENT_NAME and CONFIG.DEPLOYMENT_NAME != "YOUR_DEPLOYMENT_NAME"
-    assert CONFIG.OPENAI_API_KEY and CONFIG.OPENAI_API_KEY != "YOUR_AZURE_API_KEY"
-    assert CONFIG.OPENAI_API_VERSION
-    assert CONFIG.OPENAI_BASE_URL
+from metagpt.config import CONFIG
+from metagpt.provider.azure_openai_api import AzureOpenAILLM
 
-    llm = LLM(provider=LLMProviderEnum.AZURE_OPENAI)
-    assert llm
+CONFIG.OPENAI_API_VERSION = "xx"
+CONFIG.openai_proxy = "http://127.0.0.1:80"  # fake value
+
+
+def test_azure_openai_api():
+    _ = AzureOpenAILLM()
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_fireworks_api.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_fireworks_api.py
index b7f728e73..d48686eaa 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_fireworks_api.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_fireworks_api.py
@@ -8,13 +8,22 @@ from openai.types.chat.chat_completion import (
     ChatCompletionMessage,
     Choice,
 )
+from openai.types.chat.chat_completion_chunk import ChatCompletionChunk
+from openai.types.chat.chat_completion_chunk import Choice as AChoice
+from openai.types.chat.chat_completion_chunk import ChoiceDelta
 from openai.types.completion_usage import CompletionUsage
 
+from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.provider.fireworks_api import (
     MODEL_GRADE_TOKEN_COSTS,
     FireworksCostManager,
     FireworksLLM,
 )
+from metagpt.utils.cost_manager import Costs
+
+CONFIG.fireworks_api_key = "xxx"
+CONFIG.max_budget = 10
+CONFIG.calc_usage = True
 
 resp_content = "I'm fireworks"
 default_resp = ChatCompletion(
@@ -25,14 +34,30 @@ default_resp = ChatCompletion(
     choices=[
         Choice(
             finish_reason="stop",
-            logprobs=None,
             index=0,
             message=ChatCompletionMessage(role="assistant", content=resp_content),
+            logprobs=None,
         )
     ],
     usage=CompletionUsage(completion_tokens=110, prompt_tokens=92, total_tokens=202),
 )
 
+default_resp_chunk = ChatCompletionChunk(
+    id=default_resp.id,
+    model=default_resp.model,
+    object="chat.completion.chunk",
+    created=default_resp.created,
+    choices=[
+        AChoice(
+            delta=ChoiceDelta(content=resp_content, role="assistant"),
+            finish_reason="stop",
+            index=0,
+            logprobs=None,
+        )
+    ],
+    usage=dict(default_resp.usage),
+)
+
 prompt_msg = "who are you"
 messages = [{"role": "user", "content": prompt_msg}]
 
@@ -47,29 +72,37 @@ def test_fireworks_costmanager():
     assert MODEL_GRADE_TOKEN_COSTS["80"] == cost_manager.model_grade_token_costs("xxx-80b-chat")
     assert MODEL_GRADE_TOKEN_COSTS["mixtral-8x7b"] == cost_manager.model_grade_token_costs("mixtral-8x7b-chat")
 
-
-def mock_llm_completion(self, messages: list[dict], timeout: int = 60) -> ChatCompletion:
-    return default_resp
+    cost_manager.update_cost(prompt_tokens=500000, completion_tokens=500000, model="llama-v2-13b-chat")
+    assert cost_manager.total_cost == 0.5
 
 
-async def mock_llm_acompletion(self, messgaes: list[dict], stream: bool = False, timeout: int = 60) -> ChatCompletion:
-    return default_resp
+async def mock_openai_acompletions_create(self, stream: bool = False, **kwargs) -> ChatCompletionChunk:
+    if stream:
 
+        class Iterator(object):
+            async def __aiter__(self):
+                yield default_resp_chunk
 
-async def mock_llm_achat_completion_stream(self, messgaes: list[dict]) -> str:
-    return default_resp.choices[0].message.content
+        return Iterator()
+    else:
+        return default_resp
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_fireworks_acompletion(mocker):
-    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.fireworks_api.FireworksLLM.acompletion", mock_llm_acompletion)
-    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.fireworks_api.FireworksLLM._achat_completion", mock_llm_acompletion)
-    mocker.patch(
-        "metagpt.provider.fireworks_api.FireworksLLM._achat_completion_stream", mock_llm_achat_completion_stream
-    )
-    fireworks_gpt = FireworksLLM()
+    mocker.patch("openai.resources.chat.completions.AsyncCompletions.create", mock_openai_acompletions_create)
 
-    resp = await fireworks_gpt.acompletion(messages, stream=False)
+    fireworks_gpt = FireworksLLM()
+    fireworks_gpt.model = "llama-v2-13b-chat"
+
+    fireworks_gpt._update_costs(
+        usage=CompletionUsage(prompt_tokens=500000, completion_tokens=500000, total_tokens=1000000)
+    )
+    assert fireworks_gpt.get_costs() == Costs(
+        total_prompt_tokens=500000, total_completion_tokens=500000, total_cost=0.5, total_budget=0
+    )
+
+    resp = await fireworks_gpt.acompletion(messages)
     assert resp.choices[0].message.content in resp_content
 
     resp = await fireworks_gpt.aask(prompt_msg, stream=False)
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_general_api_base.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_general_api_base.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae768ce95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_general_api_base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# @Desc   :
+
+import os
+from typing import AsyncGenerator, Generator, Iterator, Tuple, Union
+
+import aiohttp
+import pytest
+import requests
+from openai import OpenAIError
+
+from metagpt.provider.general_api_base import (
+    APIRequestor,
+    ApiType,
+    OpenAIResponse,
+    _make_session,
+    _requests_proxies_arg,
+    log_debug,
+    log_info,
+    log_warn,
+    parse_stream,
+    parse_stream_helper,
+)
+
+
+def test_basic():
+    _ = ApiType.from_str("azure")
+    _ = ApiType.from_str("azuread")
+    _ = ApiType.from_str("openai")
+    with pytest.raises(OpenAIError):
+        _ = ApiType.from_str("xx")
+
+    os.environ.setdefault("LLM_LOG", "debug")
+    log_debug("debug")
+    log_warn("warn")
+    log_info("info")
+
+
+def test_openai_response():
+    resp = OpenAIResponse(data=[], headers={"retry-after": 3})
+    assert resp.request_id is None
+    assert resp.retry_after == 3
+    assert resp.operation_location is None
+    assert resp.organization is None
+    assert resp.response_ms is None
+
+
+def test_proxy():
+    assert _requests_proxies_arg(proxy=None) is None
+
+    proxy = "127.0.0.1:80"
+    assert _requests_proxies_arg(proxy=proxy) == {"http": proxy, "https": proxy}
+    proxy_dict = {"http": proxy}
+    assert _requests_proxies_arg(proxy=proxy_dict) == proxy_dict
+    proxy_dict = {"https": proxy}
+    assert _requests_proxies_arg(proxy=proxy_dict) == proxy_dict
+
+    assert _make_session() is not None
+
+
+def test_parse_stream():
+    assert parse_stream_helper(None) is None
+    assert parse_stream_helper(b"data: [DONE]") is None
+    assert parse_stream_helper(b"data: test") == "test"
+    assert parse_stream_helper(b"test") is None
+    for line in parse_stream([b"data: test"]):
+        assert line == "test"
+
+
+api_requestor = APIRequestor(base_url="http://www.baidu.com")
+
+
+def mock_interpret_response(
+    self, result: requests.Response, stream: bool
+) -> Tuple[Union[bytes, Iterator[Generator]], bytes]:
+    return b"baidu", False
+
+
+async def mock_interpret_async_response(
+    self, result: aiohttp.ClientResponse, stream: bool
+) -> Tuple[Union[OpenAIResponse, AsyncGenerator[OpenAIResponse, None]], bool]:
+    return b"baidu", True
+
+
+def test_api_requestor(mocker):
+    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.general_api_base.APIRequestor._interpret_response", mock_interpret_response)
+    resp, _, _ = api_requestor.request(method="get", url="/s?wd=baidu")
+
+    resp, _, _ = api_requestor.request(method="post", url="/s?wd=baidu")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_api_requestor(mocker):
+    mocker.patch(
+        "metagpt.provider.general_api_base.APIRequestor._interpret_async_response", mock_interpret_async_response
+    )
+    resp, _, _ = await api_requestor.arequest(method="get", url="/s?wd=baidu")
+    resp, _, _ = await api_requestor.arequest(method="post", url="/s?wd=baidu")
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_general_api_requestor.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_general_api_requestor.py
index 28130fa65..dcbcc0567 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_general_api_requestor.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_general_api_requestor.py
@@ -4,11 +4,24 @@
 
 import pytest
 
-from metagpt.provider.general_api_requestor import GeneralAPIRequestor
+from metagpt.provider.general_api_requestor import (
+    GeneralAPIRequestor,
+    parse_stream,
+    parse_stream_helper,
+)
 
 api_requestor = GeneralAPIRequestor(base_url="http://www.baidu.com")
 
 
+def test_parse_stream():
+    assert parse_stream_helper(None) is None
+    assert parse_stream_helper(b"data: [DONE]") is None
+    assert parse_stream_helper(b"data: test") == b"test"
+    assert parse_stream_helper(b"test") is None
+    for line in parse_stream([b"data: test"]):
+        assert line == b"test"
+
+
 def test_api_requestor():
     resp, _, _ = api_requestor.request(method="get", url="/s?wd=baidu")
     assert b"baidu" in resp
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_google_gemini_api.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_google_gemini_api.py
index 60f50c9ad..ffd10df7f 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_google_gemini_api.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_google_gemini_api.py
@@ -6,8 +6,13 @@ from abc import ABC
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 
 import pytest
+from google.ai import generativelanguage as glm
+from google.generativeai.types import content_types
 
-from metagpt.provider.google_gemini_api import GeminiGPTAPI
+from metagpt.config import CONFIG
+from metagpt.provider.google_gemini_api import GeminiLLM
+
+CONFIG.gemini_api_key = "xx"
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -21,28 +26,52 @@ resp_content = "I'm gemini from google"
 default_resp = MockGeminiResponse(text=resp_content)
 
 
-def mock_llm_completion(self, messages: list[dict], timeout: int = 60) -> MockGeminiResponse:
+def mock_gemini_count_tokens(self, contents: content_types.ContentsType) -> glm.CountTokensResponse:
+    return glm.CountTokensResponse(total_tokens=20)
+
+
+async def mock_gemini_count_tokens_async(self, contents: content_types.ContentsType) -> glm.CountTokensResponse:
+    return glm.CountTokensResponse(total_tokens=20)
+
+
+def mock_gemini_generate_content(self, **kwargs) -> MockGeminiResponse:
     return default_resp
 
 
-async def mock_llm_acompletion(
-    self, messgaes: list[dict], stream: bool = False, timeout: int = 60
-) -> MockGeminiResponse:
-    return default_resp
+async def mock_gemini_generate_content_async(self, stream: bool = False, **kwargs) -> MockGeminiResponse:
+    if stream:
 
+        class Iterator(object):
+            async def __aiter__(self):
+                yield default_resp
 
-async def mock_llm_achat_completion_stream(self, messgaes: list[dict]) -> str:
-    return resp_content
+        return Iterator()
+    else:
+        return default_resp
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_gemini_acompletion(mocker):
-    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.google_gemini_api.GeminiGPTAPI.acompletion", mock_llm_acompletion)
-    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.google_gemini_api.GeminiGPTAPI._achat_completion", mock_llm_acompletion)
+    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.google_gemini_api.GeminiGenerativeModel.count_tokens", mock_gemini_count_tokens)
     mocker.patch(
-        "metagpt.provider.google_gemini_api.GeminiGPTAPI._achat_completion_stream", mock_llm_achat_completion_stream
+        "metagpt.provider.google_gemini_api.GeminiGenerativeModel.count_tokens_async", mock_gemini_count_tokens_async
     )
-    gemini_gpt = GeminiGPTAPI()
+    mocker.patch("google.generativeai.generative_models.GenerativeModel.generate_content", mock_gemini_generate_content)
+    mocker.patch(
+        "google.generativeai.generative_models.GenerativeModel.generate_content_async",
+        mock_gemini_generate_content_async,
+    )
+
+    gemini_gpt = GeminiLLM()
+
+    assert gemini_gpt._user_msg(prompt_msg) == {"role": "user", "parts": [prompt_msg]}
+    assert gemini_gpt._assistant_msg(prompt_msg) == {"role": "model", "parts": [prompt_msg]}
+
+    usage = gemini_gpt.get_usage(messages, resp_content)
+    assert usage == {"prompt_tokens": 20, "completion_tokens": 20}
+
+    resp = gemini_gpt.completion(messages)
+    assert resp == default_resp
 
     resp = await gemini_gpt.acompletion(messages)
     assert resp.text == default_resp.text
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_metagpt_llm_api.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_metagpt_llm_api.py
index f454b08a7..8fce6b6b0 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_metagpt_llm_api.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_metagpt_llm_api.py
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
 @Author  : mashenquan
 @File    : test_metagpt_llm_api.py
 """
-from metagpt.provider.metagpt_api import MetaGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.metagpt_api import MetaGPTLLM
 
 
 def test_metagpt():
-    llm = MetaGPTAPI()
+    llm = MetaGPTLLM()
     assert llm
 
 
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_ollama_api.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_ollama_api.py
index d19e23e17..1c604768e 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_ollama_api.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_ollama_api.py
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # @Desc   : the unittest of ollama api
 
+import json
+from typing import Any, Tuple
+
 import pytest
 
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
@@ -14,25 +17,33 @@ resp_content = "I'm ollama"
 default_resp = {"message": {"role": "assistant", "content": resp_content}}
 
 CONFIG.ollama_api_base = "http://xxx"
+CONFIG.max_budget = 10
 
 
-def mock_llm_completion(self, messages: list[dict], timeout: int = 60) -> dict:
-    return default_resp
+async def mock_ollama_arequest(self, stream: bool = False, **kwargs) -> Tuple[Any, Any, bool]:
+    if stream:
 
+        class Iterator(object):
+            events = [
+                b'{"message": {"role": "assistant", "content": "I\'m ollama"}, "done": false}',
+                b'{"prompt_eval_count": 20, "eval_count": 20, "done": true}',
+            ]
 
-async def mock_llm_acompletion(self, messgaes: list[dict], stream: bool = False, timeout: int = 60) -> dict:
-    return default_resp
+            async def __aiter__(self):
+                for event in self.events:
+                    yield event
 
-
-async def mock_llm_achat_completion_stream(self, messgaes: list[dict]) -> str:
-    return resp_content
+        return Iterator(), None, None
+    else:
+        raw_default_resp = default_resp.copy()
+        raw_default_resp.update({"prompt_eval_count": 20, "eval_count": 20})
+        return json.dumps(raw_default_resp).encode(), None, None
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_gemini_acompletion(mocker):
-    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.ollama_api.OllamaGPTAPI.acompletion", mock_llm_acompletion)
-    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.ollama_api.OllamaGPTAPI._achat_completion", mock_llm_acompletion)
-    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.ollama_api.OllamaGPTAPI._achat_completion_stream", mock_llm_achat_completion_stream)
+    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.general_api_requestor.GeneralAPIRequestor.arequest", mock_ollama_arequest)
+
     ollama_gpt = OllamaLLM()
 
     resp = await ollama_gpt.acompletion(messages)
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_open_llm_api.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_open_llm_api.py
index b8be68504..85069c5e1 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_open_llm_api.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_open_llm_api.py
@@ -1,25 +1,95 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-"""
-@Time    : 2023/12/28
-@Author  : mashenquan
-@File    : test_open_llm_api.py
-"""
-from metagpt.config import CONFIG, LLMProviderEnum
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
-from metagpt.provider.open_llm_api import OpenLLMCostManager
+# @Desc   :
+
+import pytest
+from openai.types.chat.chat_completion import (
+    ChatCompletion,
+    ChatCompletionMessage,
+    Choice,
+)
+from openai.types.chat.chat_completion_chunk import ChatCompletionChunk
+from openai.types.chat.chat_completion_chunk import Choice as AChoice
+from openai.types.chat.chat_completion_chunk import ChoiceDelta
+from openai.types.completion_usage import CompletionUsage
+
+from metagpt.config import CONFIG
+from metagpt.provider.open_llm_api import OpenLLM
+from metagpt.utils.cost_manager import Costs
+
+CONFIG.max_budget = 10
+CONFIG.calc_usage = True
+
+resp_content = "I'm llama2"
+default_resp = ChatCompletion(
+    id="cmpl-a6652c1bb181caae8dd19ad8",
+    model="llama-v2-13b-chat",
+    object="chat.completion",
+    created=1703302755,
+    choices=[
+        Choice(
+            finish_reason="stop",
+            index=0,
+            message=ChatCompletionMessage(role="assistant", content=resp_content),
+            logprobs=None,
+        )
+    ],
+)
+
+default_resp_chunk = ChatCompletionChunk(
+    id=default_resp.id,
+    model=default_resp.model,
+    object="chat.completion.chunk",
+    created=default_resp.created,
+    choices=[
+        AChoice(
+            delta=ChoiceDelta(content=resp_content, role="assistant"),
+            finish_reason="stop",
+            index=0,
+            logprobs=None,
+        )
+    ],
+)
+
+prompt_msg = "who are you"
+messages = [{"role": "user", "content": prompt_msg}]
 
 
-def test_llm():
-    llm = LLM(provider=LLMProviderEnum.OPEN_LLM)
-    assert llm
+async def mock_openai_acompletions_create(self, stream: bool = False, **kwargs) -> ChatCompletionChunk:
+    if stream:
+
+        class Iterator(object):
+            async def __aiter__(self):
+                yield default_resp_chunk
+
+        return Iterator()
+    else:
+        return default_resp
 
 
-def test_cost():
-    # Prerequisites
-    CONFIG.max_budget = 10
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_openllm_acompletion(mocker):
+    mocker.patch("openai.resources.chat.completions.AsyncCompletions.create", mock_openai_acompletions_create)
 
-    cost = OpenLLMCostManager()
-    cost.update_cost(prompt_tokens=10, completion_tokens=1, model="gpt-35-turbo")
-    assert cost.get_total_prompt_tokens() > 0
-    assert cost.get_total_completion_tokens() > 0
+    openllm_gpt = OpenLLM()
+    openllm_gpt.model = "llama-v2-13b-chat"
+
+    openllm_gpt._update_costs(usage=CompletionUsage(prompt_tokens=100, completion_tokens=100, total_tokens=200))
+    assert openllm_gpt.get_costs() == Costs(
+        total_prompt_tokens=100, total_completion_tokens=100, total_cost=0, total_budget=0
+    )
+
+    resp = await openllm_gpt.acompletion(messages)
+    assert resp.choices[0].message.content in resp_content
+
+    resp = await openllm_gpt.aask(prompt_msg, stream=False)
+    assert resp == resp_content
+
+    resp = await openllm_gpt.acompletion_text(messages, stream=False)
+    assert resp == resp_content
+
+    resp = await openllm_gpt.acompletion_text(messages, stream=True)
+    assert resp == resp_content
+
+    resp = await openllm_gpt.aask(prompt_msg)
+    assert resp == resp_content
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_openai.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_openai.py
index cb86dfcf9..ddc290731 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_openai.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_openai.py
@@ -2,9 +2,14 @@ from unittest.mock import Mock
 
 import pytest
 
+from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.provider.openai_api import OpenAILLM
 from metagpt.schema import UserMessage
 
+CONFIG.openai_proxy = None
+
+print("openai_api_key ", CONFIG.openai_api_key)
+
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_aask_code():
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_spark_api.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_spark_api.py
index 6cc87741e..6d5a0e1f6 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_spark_api.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_spark_api.py
@@ -4,24 +4,31 @@
 
 import pytest
 
-from metagpt.provider.spark_api import SparkLLM
+from metagpt.config import CONFIG
+from metagpt.provider.spark_api import GetMessageFromWeb, SparkLLM
+
+CONFIG.spark_appid = "xxx"
+CONFIG.spark_api_secret = "xxx"
+CONFIG.spark_api_key = "xxx"
+CONFIG.domain = "xxxxxx"
+CONFIG.spark_url = "xxxx"
 
 prompt_msg = "who are you"
 resp_content = "I'm Spark"
 
 
-def mock_llm_completion(self, messages: list[dict], timeout: int = 60) -> str:
-    return resp_content
+def test_get_msg_from_web():
+    get_msg_from_web = GetMessageFromWeb(text=prompt_msg)
+    assert get_msg_from_web.gen_params()["parameter"]["chat"]["domain"] == "xxxxxx"
 
 
-async def mock_llm_acompletion(self, messgaes: list[dict], stream: bool = False, timeout: int = 60) -> str:
+def mock_spark_get_msg_from_web_run(self) -> str:
     return resp_content
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_spark_acompletion(mocker):
-    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.spark_api.SparkGPTAPI.acompletion", mock_llm_acompletion)
-    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.spark_api.SparkGPTAPI.acompletion_text", mock_llm_acompletion)
+    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.spark_api.GetMessageFromWeb.run", mock_spark_get_msg_from_web_run)
     spark_gpt = SparkLLM()
 
     resp = await spark_gpt.acompletion([])
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_zhipuai_api.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_zhipuai_api.py
index 06f2cba62..826e706e8 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_zhipuai_api.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_zhipuai_api.py
@@ -1,41 +1,71 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# @Desc   : the unittest of ZhiPuAIGPTAPI
+# @Desc   : the unittest of ZhiPuAILLM
 
 import pytest
+from zhipuai.utils.sse_client import Event
 
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
-from metagpt.provider.zhipuai_api import ZhiPuAIGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.zhipuai_api import ZhiPuAILLM
 
-CONFIG.zhipuai_api_key = "xxx"
+CONFIG.zhipuai_api_key = "xxx.xxx"
 
 prompt_msg = "who are you"
 messages = [{"role": "user", "content": prompt_msg}]
 
 resp_content = "I'm chatglm-turbo"
-default_resp = {"code": 200, "data": {"choices": [{"role": "assistant", "content": resp_content}]}}
+default_resp = {
+    "code": 200,
+    "data": {
+        "choices": [{"role": "assistant", "content": resp_content}],
+        "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 20, "completion_tokens": 20},
+    },
+}
 
 
-def mock_llm_completion(self, messages: list[dict], timeout: int = 60) -> dict:
+def mock_zhipuai_invoke(**kwargs) -> dict:
     return default_resp
 
 
-async def mock_llm_acompletion(self, messgaes: list[dict], stream: bool = False, timeout: int = 60) -> dict:
+async def mock_zhipuai_ainvoke(**kwargs) -> dict:
     return default_resp
 
 
-async def mock_llm_achat_completion_stream(self, messgaes: list[dict]) -> str:
-    return resp_content
+async def mock_zhipuai_asse_invoke(**kwargs):
+    class MockResponse(object):
+        async def _aread(self):
+            class Iterator(object):
+                events = [
+                    Event(id="xxx", event="add", data=resp_content, retry=0),
+                    Event(
+                        id="xxx",
+                        event="finish",
+                        data="",
+                        meta='{"usage": {"completion_tokens": 20,"prompt_tokens": 20}}',
+                    ),
+                ]
+
+                async def __aiter__(self):
+                    for event in self.events:
+                        yield event
+
+            async for chunk in Iterator():
+                yield chunk
+
+        async def async_events(self):
+            async for chunk in self._aread():
+                yield chunk
+
+    return MockResponse()
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_zhipuai_acompletion(mocker):
-    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.zhipuai_api.ZhiPuAIGPTAPI.acompletion", mock_llm_acompletion)
-    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.zhipuai_api.ZhiPuAIGPTAPI._achat_completion", mock_llm_acompletion)
-    mocker.patch(
-        "metagpt.provider.zhipuai_api.ZhiPuAIGPTAPI._achat_completion_stream", mock_llm_achat_completion_stream
-    )
-    zhipu_gpt = ZhiPuAIGPTAPI()
+    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.zhipuai.zhipu_model_api.ZhiPuModelAPI.invoke", mock_zhipuai_invoke)
+    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.zhipuai.zhipu_model_api.ZhiPuModelAPI.ainvoke", mock_zhipuai_ainvoke)
+    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.zhipuai.zhipu_model_api.ZhiPuModelAPI.asse_invoke", mock_zhipuai_asse_invoke)
+
+    zhipu_gpt = ZhiPuAILLM()
 
     resp = await zhipu_gpt.acompletion(messages)
     assert resp["data"]["choices"][0]["content"] == resp_content
@@ -53,11 +83,11 @@ async def test_zhipuai_acompletion(mocker):
     assert resp == resp_content
 
 
-def test_zhipuai_proxy(mocker):
+def test_zhipuai_proxy():
     import openai
 
     from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 
     CONFIG.openai_proxy = "http://127.0.0.1:8080"
-    _ = ZhiPuAIGPTAPI()
+    _ = ZhiPuAILLM()
     assert openai.proxy == CONFIG.openai_proxy
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/zhipuai/__init__.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/zhipuai/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2bcf8efd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/zhipuai/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# @Desc   :
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/zhipuai/test_async_sse_client.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/zhipuai/test_async_sse_client.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e5bd5f2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/zhipuai/test_async_sse_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# @Desc   :
+
+import pytest
+
+from metagpt.provider.zhipuai.async_sse_client import AsyncSSEClient
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_sse_client():
+    class Iterator(object):
+        async def __aiter__(self):
+            yield b"data: test_value"
+
+    async_sse_client = AsyncSSEClient(event_source=Iterator())
+    async for event in async_sse_client.async_events():
+        assert event.data, "test_value"
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/zhipuai/test_zhipu_model_api.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/zhipuai/test_zhipu_model_api.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83ae2de60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/zhipuai/test_zhipu_model_api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# @Desc   :
+
+from typing import Any, Tuple
+
+import pytest
+import zhipuai
+from zhipuai.model_api.api import InvokeType
+from zhipuai.utils.http_client import headers as zhipuai_default_headers
+
+from metagpt.provider.zhipuai.zhipu_model_api import ZhiPuModelAPI
+
+api_key = "xxx.xxx"
+zhipuai.api_key = api_key
+
+default_resp = {"result": "test response"}
+
+
+async def mock_requestor_arequest(self, **kwargs) -> Tuple[Any, Any, str]:
+    return default_resp, None, None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_zhipu_model_api(mocker):
+    header = ZhiPuModelAPI.get_header()
+    zhipuai_default_headers.update({"Authorization": api_key})
+    assert header == zhipuai_default_headers
+
+    sse_header = ZhiPuModelAPI.get_sse_header()
+    assert len(sse_header["Authorization"]) == 191
+
+    url_prefix, url_suffix = ZhiPuModelAPI.split_zhipu_api_url(InvokeType.SYNC, kwargs={"model": "chatglm_turbo"})
+    assert url_prefix == "https://open.bigmodel.cn/api"
+    assert url_suffix == "/paas/v3/model-api/chatglm_turbo/invoke"
+
+    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.general_api_requestor.GeneralAPIRequestor.arequest", mock_requestor_arequest)
+    result = await ZhiPuModelAPI.arequest(
+        InvokeType.SYNC, stream=False, method="get", headers={}, kwargs={"model": "chatglm_turbo"}
+    )
+    assert result == default_resp
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_action.py b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_action.py
index b3206696b..677988e2f 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_action.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_action.py
@@ -28,5 +28,5 @@ async def test_action_deserialize():
     new_action = Action(**serialized_data)
 
     assert new_action.name == ""
-    assert new_action.llm == LLM()
+    assert isinstance(new_action.llm, type(LLM()))
     assert len(await new_action._aask("who are you")) > 0
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_environment.py b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_environment.py
index 557c3f4cd..5a68288a6 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_environment.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_environment.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from metagpt.schema import Message
 from metagpt.utils.common import any_to_str
 from tests.metagpt.serialize_deserialize.test_serdeser_base import (
     ActionOK,
+    ActionRaise,
     RoleC,
     serdeser_path,
 )
@@ -55,9 +56,9 @@ def test_environment_serdeser():
     assert len(new_env.roles) == 1
 
     assert list(new_env.roles.values())[0].states == list(environment.roles.values())[0].states
-    assert list(new_env.roles.values())[0].actions == list(environment.roles.values())[0].actions
     assert isinstance(list(environment.roles.values())[0].actions[0], ActionOK)
     assert type(list(new_env.roles.values())[0].actions[0]) == ActionOK
+    assert type(list(new_env.roles.values())[0].actions[1]) == ActionRaise
 
 
 def test_environment_serdeser_v2():
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_code.py b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_code.py
index 2fb669a6b..cb262bb45 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_code.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_code.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 import pytest
 
 from metagpt.actions import WriteCode
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.schema import CodingContext, Document
 
 
@@ -28,5 +27,4 @@ async def test_write_code_deserialize():
     new_action = WriteCode(**serialized_data)
 
     assert new_action.name == "WriteCode"
-    assert new_action.llm == LLM()
     await action.run()
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_code_review.py b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_code_review.py
index e9ad4b858..991b3c13b 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_code_review.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_code_review.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 import pytest
 
 from metagpt.actions import WriteCodeReview
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.schema import CodingContext, Document
 
 
@@ -28,5 +27,4 @@ def div(a: int, b: int = 0):
     new_action = WriteCodeReview(**serialized_data)
 
     assert new_action.name == "WriteCodeReview"
-    assert new_action.llm == LLM()
     await new_action.run()
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_design.py b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_design.py
index d556c144d..a2fce8047 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_design.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_design.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 import pytest
 
 from metagpt.actions import WriteDesign, WriteTasks
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
 
 
 def test_write_design_serialize():
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ async def test_write_design_deserialize():
     serialized_data = action.model_dump()
     new_action = WriteDesign(**serialized_data)
     assert new_action.name == ""
-    assert new_action.llm == LLM()
     await new_action.run(with_messages="write a cli snake game")
 
 
@@ -38,5 +36,4 @@ async def test_write_task_deserialize():
     serialized_data = action.model_dump()
     new_action = WriteTasks(**serialized_data)
     assert new_action.name == "CreateTasks"
-    assert new_action.llm == LLM()
     await new_action.run(with_messages="write a cli snake game")
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_prd.py b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_prd.py
index 79b9a8677..890e2438b 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_prd.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_write_prd.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 import pytest
 
 from metagpt.actions import WritePRD
-from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.schema import Message
 
 
@@ -22,7 +21,6 @@ async def test_action_deserialize():
     action = WritePRD()
     serialized_data = action.model_dump()
     new_action = WritePRD(**serialized_data)
-    assert new_action.name == ""
-    assert new_action.llm == LLM()
+    assert new_action.name == "WritePRD"
     action_output = await new_action.run(with_messages=Message(content="write a cli snake game"))
     assert len(action_output.content) > 0
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/utils/test_serialize.py b/tests/metagpt/utils/test_serialize.py
index f027d53f8..0ba3a8d41 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/utils/test_serialize.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/utils/test_serialize.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 @Desc   : the unittest of serialize
 """
 
-from typing import List, Tuple
+from typing import List
 
 from metagpt.actions import WritePRD
 from metagpt.actions.action_node import ActionNode
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ def test_actionoutout_schema_to_mapping():
         "properties": {"field": {"title": "field", "type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}},
     }
     mapping = actionoutout_schema_to_mapping(schema)
-    assert mapping["field"] == (List[str], ...)
+    assert mapping["field"] == (list[str], ...)
 
     schema = {
         "title": "test",
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def test_actionoutout_schema_to_mapping():
         },
     }
     mapping = actionoutout_schema_to_mapping(schema)
-    assert mapping["field"] == (List[Tuple[str, str]], ...)
+    assert mapping["field"] == (list[list[str]], ...)
 
     assert True, True