diff --git a/metagpt/provider/openai_api.py b/metagpt/provider/openai_api.py
index ed1afd6e7..dbafa31b7 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/openai_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/openai_api.py
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ from tenacity import (
     wait_random_exponential,
 )
 
-
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG, Config, LLMProviderEnum
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/researcher.py b/metagpt/roles/researcher.py
index 52c55f0ca..e894d1a57 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/researcher.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/researcher.py
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class Researcher(Role):
         return ret
 
     def research_system_text(self, topic, current_task: Action) -> str:
-        """ BACKWARD compatible
+        """BACKWARD compatible
         This allows sub-class able to define its own system prompt based on topic.
         return the previous implementation to have backward compatible
         Args:
diff --git a/metagpt/tools/web_browser_engine_selenium.py b/metagpt/tools/web_browser_engine_selenium.py
index 074943892..decab2b7d 100644
--- a/metagpt/tools/web_browser_engine_selenium.py
+++ b/metagpt/tools/web_browser_engine_selenium.py
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ def _gen_get_driver_func(browser_type, *args, executable_path=None):
         options.add_argument("--headless")
         options.add_argument("--enable-javascript")
         if browser_type == "chrome":
-            options.add_argument("--disable-gpu") # This flag can help avoid renderer issue
-            options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage") # Overcome limited resource problems
+            options.add_argument("--disable-gpu")  # This flag can help avoid renderer issue
+            options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage")  # Overcome limited resource problems
             options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
         for i in args:
             options.add_argument(i)