diff --git a/metagpt/actions/action.py b/metagpt/actions/action.py
index c8c901eb0..576990a83 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/action.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/action.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 
 from metagpt.actions.action_node import ActionNode
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import (
     CodeSummarizeContext,
     CodingContext,
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ action_subclass_registry = {}
 
 class Action(BaseModel):
     name: str = ""
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM, exclude=True)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM, exclude=True)
     context: Union[dict, CodingContext, CodeSummarizeContext, TestingContext, RunCodeContext, str, None] = ""
     prefix = ""  # aask*时会加上prefix，作为system_message
     desc = ""  # for skill manager
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/action_node.py b/metagpt/actions/action_node.py
index 63f46ad45..b554f15dd 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/action_node.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/action_node.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel, create_model, root_validator, validator
 from tenacity import retry, stop_after_attempt, wait_random_exponential
 
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
-from metagpt.llm import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.provider.postprecess.llm_output_postprecess import llm_output_postprecess
 from metagpt.utils.common import OutputParser, general_after_log
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class ActionNode:
 
     # Action Context
     context: str  # all the context, including all necessary info
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI  # LLM with aask interface
+    llm: BaseLLM  # LLM with aask interface
     children: dict[str, "ActionNode"]
 
     # Action Input
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/clone_function.py b/metagpt/actions/clone_function.py
index 429f04286..7053df97b 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/clone_function.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/clone_function.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from pydantic import Field
 from metagpt.actions.write_code import WriteCode
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import Message
 from metagpt.utils.exceptions import handle_exception
 from metagpt.utils.highlight import highlight
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def run(*args) -> pd.DataFrame:
 class CloneFunction(WriteCode):
     name: str = "CloneFunction"
     context: list[Message] = []
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     def _save(self, code_path, code):
         if isinstance(code_path, str):
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/debug_error.py b/metagpt/actions/debug_error.py
index 9dc6862f9..1a7c3a7c8 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/debug_error.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/debug_error.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from pydantic import Field
 from metagpt.actions.action import Action
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.const import TEST_CODES_FILE_REPO, TEST_OUTPUTS_FILE_REPO
-from metagpt.llm import LLM, BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.llm import LLM, BaseLLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.schema import RunCodeContext, RunCodeResult
 from metagpt.utils.common import CodeParser
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Now you should start rewriting the code:
 class DebugError(Action):
     name: str = "DebugError"
     context: RunCodeContext = Field(default_factory=RunCodeContext)
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     async def run(self, *args, **kwargs) -> str:
         output_doc = await FileRepository.get_file(
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/design_api.py b/metagpt/actions/design_api.py
index 055365421..8535d63b1 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/design_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/design_api.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ from metagpt.const import (
 )
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import Document, Documents, Message
 from metagpt.utils.file_repository import FileRepository
 from metagpt.utils.mermaid import mermaid_to_file
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ NEW_REQ_TEMPLATE = """
 class WriteDesign(Action):
     name: str = ""
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
     desc: str = (
         "Based on the PRD, think about the system design, and design the corresponding APIs, "
         "data structures, library tables, processes, and paths. Please provide your design, feedback "
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/design_api_review.py b/metagpt/actions/design_api_review.py
index 0ff522fe8..6ea76e2fc 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/design_api_review.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/design_api_review.py
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ from pydantic import Field
 
 from metagpt.actions.action import Action
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 
 
 class DesignReview(Action):
     name: str = "DesignReview"
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     async def run(self, prd, api_design):
         prompt = (
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/execute_task.py b/metagpt/actions/execute_task.py
index b11f361b0..8577ee275 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/execute_task.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/execute_task.py
@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ from pydantic import Field
 
 from metagpt.actions import Action
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import Message
 
 
 class ExecuteTask(Action):
     name: str = "ExecuteTask"
     context: list[Message] = []
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     async def run(self, *args, **kwargs):
         pass
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/invoice_ocr.py b/metagpt/actions/invoice_ocr.py
index 87f81371e..94288d5be 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/invoice_ocr.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/invoice_ocr.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ from metagpt.prompts.invoice_ocr import (
     EXTRACT_OCR_MAIN_INFO_PROMPT,
     REPLY_OCR_QUESTION_PROMPT,
 )
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.utils.common import OutputParser
 from metagpt.utils.file import File
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class InvoiceOCR(Action):
 
     name: str = "InvoiceOCR"
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     @staticmethod
     async def _check_file_type(file_path: Path) -> str:
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class GenerateTable(Action):
 
     name: str = "GenerateTable"
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
     language: str = "ch"
 
     async def run(self, ocr_results: list, filename: str, *args, **kwargs) -> dict[str, str]:
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class ReplyQuestion(Action):
 
     name: str = "ReplyQuestion"
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
     language: str = "ch"
 
     async def run(self, query: str, ocr_result: list, *args, **kwargs) -> str:
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/prepare_documents.py b/metagpt/actions/prepare_documents.py
index 696dc9a89..ad82e56dc 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/prepare_documents.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/prepare_documents.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from metagpt.actions import Action, ActionOutput
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.const import DOCS_FILE_REPO, REQUIREMENT_FILENAME
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import Document
 from metagpt.utils.file_repository import FileRepository
 from metagpt.utils.git_repository import GitRepository
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class PrepareDocuments(Action):
 
     name: str = "PrepareDocuments"
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     def _init_repo(self):
         """Initialize the Git environment."""
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/project_management.py b/metagpt/actions/project_management.py
index 095881e60..7eda89130 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/project_management.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/project_management.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ from metagpt.const import (
 )
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import Document, Documents
 from metagpt.utils.file_repository import FileRepository
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ NEW_REQ_TEMPLATE = """
 class WriteTasks(Action):
     name: str = "CreateTasks"
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     async def run(self, with_messages, schema=CONFIG.prompt_schema):
         system_design_file_repo = CONFIG.git_repo.new_file_repository(SYSTEM_DESIGN_FILE_REPO)
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/research.py b/metagpt/actions/research.py
index c47a77bdd..a6cc7cc22 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/research.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/research.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from metagpt.actions import Action
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.tools.search_engine import SearchEngine
 from metagpt.tools.web_browser_engine import WebBrowserEngine, WebBrowserEngineType
 from metagpt.utils.common import OutputParser
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class CollectLinks(Action):
 
     name: str = "CollectLinks"
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
     desc: str = "Collect links from a search engine."
     search_engine: SearchEngine = Field(default_factory=SearchEngine)
     rank_func: Union[Callable[[list[str]], None], None] = None
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class WebBrowseAndSummarize(Action):
 
     name: str = "WebBrowseAndSummarize"
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
     desc: str = "Explore the web and provide summaries of articles and webpages."
     browse_func: Union[Callable[[list[str]], None], None] = None
     web_browser_engine: WebBrowserEngine = Field(
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ class ConductResearch(Action):
 
     name: str = "ConductResearch"
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/run_code.py b/metagpt/actions/run_code.py
index bca9b337d..22d345b85 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/run_code.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/run_code.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from pydantic import Field
 
 from metagpt.actions.action import Action
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
-from metagpt.llm import LLM, BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.llm import LLM, BaseLLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.schema import RunCodeContext, RunCodeResult
 from metagpt.utils.exceptions import handle_exception
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ standard errors:
 class RunCode(Action):
     name: str = "RunCode"
     context: RunCodeContext = Field(default_factory=RunCodeContext)
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     @classmethod
     @handle_exception
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/search_and_summarize.py b/metagpt/actions/search_and_summarize.py
index 9fd392a5c..615576d76 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/search_and_summarize.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/search_and_summarize.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from metagpt.actions import Action
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG, Config
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import Message
 from metagpt.tools import SearchEngineType
 from metagpt.tools.search_engine import SearchEngine
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ You are a member of a professional butler team and will provide helpful suggesti
 class SearchAndSummarize(Action):
     name: str = ""
     content: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
     config: None = Field(default_factory=Config)
     engine: Optional[SearchEngineType] = CONFIG.search_engine
     search_func: Optional[Any] = None
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/summarize_code.py b/metagpt/actions/summarize_code.py
index 2d1cd4d3d..4025e0964 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/summarize_code.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/summarize_code.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from tenacity import retry, stop_after_attempt, wait_random_exponential
 from metagpt.actions.action import Action
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.const import SYSTEM_DESIGN_FILE_REPO, TASK_FILE_REPO
-from metagpt.llm import LLM, BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.llm import LLM, BaseLLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.schema import CodeSummarizeContext
 from metagpt.utils.file_repository import FileRepository
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ flowchart TB
 class SummarizeCode(Action):
     name: str = "SummarizeCode"
     context: CodeSummarizeContext = Field(default_factory=CodeSummarizeContext)
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     @retry(stop=stop_after_attempt(2), wait=wait_random_exponential(min=1, max=60))
     async def summarize_code(self, prompt):
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_code.py b/metagpt/actions/write_code.py
index 4d0690e0f..e3086f03c 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_code.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_code.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ from metagpt.const import (
 )
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import CodingContext, Document, RunCodeResult
 from metagpt.utils.common import CodeParser
 from metagpt.utils.file_repository import FileRepository
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ ATTENTION: Use '##' to SPLIT SECTIONS, not '#'. Output format carefully referenc
 class WriteCode(Action):
     name: str = "WriteCode"
     context: Document = Field(default_factory=Document)
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     @retry(wait=wait_random_exponential(min=1, max=60), stop=stop_after_attempt(6))
     async def write_code(self, prompt) -> str:
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_code_review.py b/metagpt/actions/write_code_review.py
index b0e7904e3..a8ed0fd01 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_code_review.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_code_review.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from metagpt.actions.action import Action
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import CodingContext
 from metagpt.utils.common import CodeParser
 
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ REWRITE_CODE_TEMPLATE = """
 class WriteCodeReview(Action):
     name: str = "WriteCodeReview"
     context: CodingContext = Field(default_factory=CodingContext)
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     @retry(wait=wait_random_exponential(min=1, max=60), stop=stop_after_attempt(6))
     async def write_code_review_and_rewrite(self, context_prompt, cr_prompt, filename):
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_docstring.py b/metagpt/actions/write_docstring.py
index 1c27a9433..68856c360 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_docstring.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_docstring.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ from pydantic import Field
 
 from metagpt.actions.action import Action
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.utils.common import OutputParser
 from metagpt.utils.pycst import merge_docstring
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class WriteDocstring(Action):
 
     desc: str = "Write docstring for code."
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     async def run(
         self,
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py b/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py
index 47e02b699..5b1108244 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ from metagpt.const import (
 )
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import BugFixContext, Document, Documents, Message
 from metagpt.utils.common import CodeParser
 from metagpt.utils.file_repository import FileRepository
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ NEW_REQ_TEMPLATE = """
 class WritePRD(Action):
     name: str = ""
     content: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     async def run(self, with_messages, schema=CONFIG.prompt_schema, *args, **kwargs) -> ActionOutput | Message:
         # Determine which requirement documents need to be rewritten: Use LLM to assess whether new requirements are
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_prd_review.py b/metagpt/actions/write_prd_review.py
index 6ed73b6a2..0241f192f 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_prd_review.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_prd_review.py
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ from pydantic import Field
 
 from metagpt.actions.action import Action
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 
 
 class WritePRDReview(Action):
     name: str = ""
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
     prd: Optional[str] = None
     desc: str = "Based on the PRD, conduct a PRD Review, providing clear and detailed feedback"
     prd_review_prompt_template: str = """
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_review.py b/metagpt/actions/write_review.py
index 646f44aeb..d116556ba 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_review.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_review.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from pydantic import Field
 from metagpt.actions import Action
 from metagpt.actions.action_node import ActionNode
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 
 REVIEW = ActionNode(
     key="Review",
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class WriteReview(Action):
     """Write a review for the given context."""
 
     name: str = "WriteReview"
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     async def run(self, context):
         return await WRITE_REVIEW_NODE.fill(context=context, llm=self.llm, schema="json")
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_teaching_plan.py b/metagpt/actions/write_teaching_plan.py
index d889fdbe3..888627294 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_teaching_plan.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_teaching_plan.py
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ from metagpt.actions import Action
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 
 
 class WriteTeachingPlanPart(Action):
     """Write Teaching Plan Part"""
 
     context: Optional[str] = None
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
     topic: str = ""
     language: str = "Chinese"
     rsp: Optional[str] = None
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_test.py b/metagpt/actions/write_test.py
index 850606ca8..321d31420 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_test.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_test.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.const import TEST_CODES_FILE_REPO
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import Document, TestingContext
 from metagpt.utils.common import CodeParser
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ you should correctly import the necessary classes based on these file locations!
 class WriteTest(Action):
     name: str = "WriteTest"
     context: Optional[TestingContext] = None
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
     async def write_code(self, prompt):
         code_rsp = await self._aask(prompt)
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_tutorial.py b/metagpt/actions/write_tutorial.py
index f33a6b114..a2a324b41 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_tutorial.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_tutorial.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from pydantic import Field
 from metagpt.actions import Action
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.prompts.tutorial_assistant import CONTENT_PROMPT, DIRECTORY_PROMPT
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.utils.common import OutputParser
 
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class WriteDirectory(Action):
     """
 
     name: str = "WriteDirectory"
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
     language: str = "Chinese"
 
     async def run(self, topic: str, *args, **kwargs) -> Dict:
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class WriteContent(Action):
     """
 
     name: str = "WriteContent"
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
     directory: dict = dict()
     language: str = "Chinese"
 
diff --git a/metagpt/llm.py b/metagpt/llm.py
index f1cb98dae..76dd5a0f8 100644
--- a/metagpt/llm.py
+++ b/metagpt/llm.py
@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@
 from typing import Optional
 
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG, LLMProviderEnum
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.provider.human_provider import HumanProvider
 from metagpt.provider.llm_provider_registry import LLM_REGISTRY
 
 _ = HumanProvider()  # Avoid pre-commit error
 
 
-def LLM(provider: Optional[LLMProviderEnum] = None) -> BaseGPTAPI:
+def LLM(provider: Optional[LLMProviderEnum] = None) -> BaseLLM:
     """get the default llm provider"""
     if provider is None:
         provider = CONFIG.get_default_llm_provider_enum()
diff --git a/metagpt/memory/brain_memory.py b/metagpt/memory/brain_memory.py
index 347e3e0fb..0833d71a1 100644
--- a/metagpt/memory/brain_memory.py
+++ b/metagpt/memory/brain_memory.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ from metagpt.config import CONFIG
 from metagpt.const import DEFAULT_LANGUAGE, DEFAULT_MAX_TOKENS, DEFAULT_TOKEN_SIZE
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.provider import MetaGPTAPI
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import Message, SimpleMessage
 from metagpt.utils.redis import Redis
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class BrainMemory(BaseModel):
     is_dirty: bool = False
     last_talk: str = None
     cacheable: bool = True
-    llm: Optional[BaseGPTAPI] = None
+    llm: Optional[BaseLLM] = None
 
     def add_talk(self, msg: Message):
         """
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/__init__.py b/metagpt/provider/__init__.py
index 769c8e7b8..36d585c94 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/__init__.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/__init__.py
@@ -6,22 +6,22 @@
 @File    : __init__.py
 """
 
-from metagpt.provider.fireworks_api import FireWorksGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.fireworks_api import FireworksLLM
 from metagpt.provider.google_gemini_api import GeminiGPTAPI
-from metagpt.provider.ollama_api import OllamaGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.ollama_api import OllamaLLM
 from metagpt.provider.open_llm_api import OpenLLMGPTAPI
-from metagpt.provider.openai_api import OpenAIGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.openai_api import OpenAILLM
 from metagpt.provider.zhipuai_api import ZhiPuAIGPTAPI
-from metagpt.provider.azure_openai_api import AzureOpenAIGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.azure_openai_api import AzureOpenAILLM
 from metagpt.provider.metagpt_api import MetaGPTAPI
 
 __all__ = [
-    "FireWorksGPTAPI",
+    "FireworksLLM",
     "GeminiGPTAPI",
     "OpenLLMGPTAPI",
-    "OpenAIGPTAPI",
+    "OpenAILLM",
     "ZhiPuAIGPTAPI",
-    "AzureOpenAIGPTAPI",
+    "AzureOpenAILLM",
     "MetaGPTAPI",
-    "OllamaGPTAPI",
+    "OllamaLLM",
 ]
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/azure_openai_api.py b/metagpt/provider/azure_openai_api.py
index 6a267b7ee..b59326c7f 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/azure_openai_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/azure_openai_api.py
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ from openai._base_client import AsyncHttpxClientWrapper
 
 from metagpt.config import LLMProviderEnum
 from metagpt.provider.llm_provider_registry import register_provider
-from metagpt.provider.openai_api import OpenAIGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.openai_api import OpenAILLM
 
 
 @register_provider(LLMProviderEnum.AZURE_OPENAI)
-class AzureOpenAIGPTAPI(OpenAIGPTAPI):
+class AzureOpenAILLM(OpenAILLM):
     """
     Check https://platform.openai.com/examples for examples
     """
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/base_chatbot.py b/metagpt/provider/base_chatbot.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 8d490f1a6..000000000
--- a/metagpt/provider/base_chatbot.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-"""
-@Time    : 2023/5/5 23:00
-@Author  : alexanderwu
-@File    : base_chatbot.py
-@Modified By: mashenquan, 2023/11/21. Add `timeout`.
-"""
-from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-
-
-@dataclass
-class BaseChatbot(ABC):
-    """Abstract GPT class"""
-
-    use_system_prompt: bool = True
-
-    @abstractmethod
-    def ask(self, msg: str, timeout=3) -> str:
-        """Ask GPT a question and get an answer"""
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/base_gpt_api.py b/metagpt/provider/base_llm.py
similarity index 83%
rename from metagpt/provider/base_gpt_api.py
rename to metagpt/provider/base_llm.py
index e6b180eaa..4d00adbc7 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/base_gpt_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/base_llm.py
@@ -3,19 +3,18 @@
 """
 @Time    : 2023/5/5 23:04
 @Author  : alexanderwu
-@File    : base_gpt_api.py
+@File    : base_llm.py
 @Desc    : mashenquan, 2023/8/22. + try catch
 """
 import json
-from abc import abstractmethod
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from typing import Optional
 
-from metagpt.provider.base_chatbot import BaseChatbot
 
+class BaseLLM(ABC):
+    """LLM API abstract class, requiring all inheritors to provide a series of standard capabilities"""
 
-class BaseGPTAPI(BaseChatbot):
-    """GPT API abstract class, requiring all inheritors to provide a series of standard capabilities"""
-
+    use_system_prompt: bool = True
     system_prompt = "You are a helpful assistant."
 
     def _user_msg(self, msg: str) -> dict[str, str]:
@@ -33,11 +32,6 @@ class BaseGPTAPI(BaseChatbot):
     def _default_system_msg(self):
         return self._system_msg(self.system_prompt)
 
-    def ask(self, msg: str, timeout=3) -> str:
-        message = [self._default_system_msg(), self._user_msg(msg)] if self.use_system_prompt else [self._user_msg(msg)]
-        rsp = self.completion(message, timeout=timeout)
-        return self.get_choice_text(rsp)
-
     async def aask(
         self,
         msg: str,
@@ -54,7 +48,6 @@ class BaseGPTAPI(BaseChatbot):
             message.extend(format_msgs)
         message.append(self._user_msg(msg))
         rsp = await self.acompletion_text(message, stream=stream, timeout=timeout)
-        # logger.debug(rsp)
         return rsp
 
     def _extract_assistant_rsp(self, context):
@@ -75,15 +68,6 @@ class BaseGPTAPI(BaseChatbot):
         rsp_text = await self.aask_batch(msgs, timeout=timeout)
         return rsp_text
 
-    def completion(self, messages: list[dict], timeout=3) -> dict:
-        """All GPTAPIs are required to provide the standard OpenAI completion interface
-        [
-            {"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful assistant."},
-            {"role": "user", "content": "hello, show me python hello world code"},
-            # {"role": "assistant", "content": ...}, # If there is an answer in the history, also include it
-        ]
-        """
-
     @abstractmethod
     async def acompletion(self, messages: list[dict], timeout=3):
         """Asynchronous version of completion
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/fireworks_api.py b/metagpt/provider/fireworks_api.py
index e42088213..5fe86fc1c 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/fireworks_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/fireworks_api.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ from tenacity import (
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG, Config, LLMProviderEnum
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.provider.llm_provider_registry import register_provider
-from metagpt.provider.openai_api import OpenAIGPTAPI, RateLimiter, log_and_reraise
+from metagpt.provider.openai_api import OpenAILLM, log_and_reraise
 from metagpt.utils.cost_manager import CostManager, Costs
 
 MODEL_GRADE_TOKEN_COSTS = {
@@ -72,13 +72,12 @@ class FireworksCostManager(CostManager):
 
 
 @register_provider(LLMProviderEnum.FIREWORKS)
-class FireWorksGPTAPI(OpenAIGPTAPI):
+class FireworksLLM(OpenAILLM):
     def __init__(self):
         self.config: Config = CONFIG
         self.__init_fireworks()
         self.auto_max_tokens = False
         self._cost_manager = FireworksCostManager()
-        RateLimiter.__init__(self, rpm=self.rpm)
 
     def __init_fireworks(self):
         self.is_azure = False
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/general_api_base.py b/metagpt/provider/general_api_base.py
index 015e34aeb..814be2f67 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/general_api_base.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/general_api_base.py
@@ -47,8 +47,7 @@ MAX_CONNECTION_RETRIES = 2
 # Has one attribute per thread, 'session'.
 _thread_context = threading.local()
 
-LLM_LOG = os.environ.get("LLM_LOG")
-LLM_LOG = "debug"
+LLM_LOG = os.environ.get("LLM_LOG", "debug")
 
 
 class ApiType(Enum):
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/google_gemini_api.py b/metagpt/provider/google_gemini_api.py
index ca2133cfa..5683095c7 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/google_gemini_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/google_gemini_api.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ from tenacity import (
 
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG, LLMProviderEnum
 from metagpt.logs import log_llm_stream, logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.provider.llm_provider_registry import register_provider
 from metagpt.provider.openai_api import log_and_reraise
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class GeminiGenerativeModel(GenerativeModel):
 
 
 @register_provider(LLMProviderEnum.GEMINI)
-class GeminiGPTAPI(BaseGPTAPI):
+class GeminiGPTAPI(BaseLLM):
     """
     Refs to `https://ai.google.dev/tutorials/python_quickstart`
     """
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/human_provider.py b/metagpt/provider/human_provider.py
index a90c78192..59d236a3a 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/human_provider.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/human_provider.py
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ Author: garylin2099
 from typing import Optional
 
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 
 
-class HumanProvider(BaseGPTAPI):
+class HumanProvider(BaseLLM):
     """Humans provide themselves as a 'model', which actually takes in human input as its response.
     This enables replacing LLM anywhere in the framework with a human, thus introducing human interaction
     """
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/metagpt_api.py b/metagpt/provider/metagpt_api.py
index 7bc48b7ad..2b7629895 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/metagpt_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/metagpt_api.py
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@
 @Desc    : MetaGPT LLM provider.
 """
 from metagpt.config import LLMProviderEnum
-from metagpt.provider import OpenAIGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider import OpenAILLM
 from metagpt.provider.llm_provider_registry import register_provider
 
 
 @register_provider(LLMProviderEnum.METAGPT)
-class MetaGPTAPI(OpenAIGPTAPI):
+class MetaGPTAPI(OpenAILLM):
     def __init__(self):
         super().__init__()
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/ollama_api.py b/metagpt/provider/ollama_api.py
index 0d6d51e04..95b944bf3 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/ollama_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/ollama_api.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from tenacity import (
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG, LLMProviderEnum
 from metagpt.const import LLM_API_TIMEOUT
 from metagpt.logs import log_llm_stream, logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.provider.general_api_requestor import GeneralAPIRequestor
 from metagpt.provider.llm_provider_registry import register_provider
 from metagpt.provider.openai_api import log_and_reraise
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class OllamaCostManager(CostManager):
 
 
 @register_provider(LLMProviderEnum.OLLAMA)
-class OllamaGPTAPI(BaseGPTAPI):
+class OllamaLLM(BaseLLM):
     """
     Refs to `https://github.com/jmorganca/ollama/blob/main/docs/api.md#generate-a-chat-completion`
     """
@@ -54,12 +54,8 @@ class OllamaGPTAPI(BaseGPTAPI):
 
     def __init_ollama(self, config: CONFIG):
         assert config.ollama_api_base
-
         self.model = config.ollama_api_model
 
-    def close(self):
-        pass
-
     def _const_kwargs(self, messages: list[dict], stream: bool = False) -> dict:
         kwargs = {"model": self.model, "messages": messages, "options": {"temperature": 0.3}, "stream": stream}
         return kwargs
@@ -87,18 +83,6 @@ class OllamaGPTAPI(BaseGPTAPI):
         chunk = chunk.decode(encoding)
         return json.loads(chunk)
 
-    def completion(self, messages: list[dict]) -> dict:
-        resp, _, _ = self.client.request(
-            method=self.http_method,
-            url=self.suffix_url,
-            params=self._const_kwargs(messages),
-            request_timeout=LLM_API_TIMEOUT,
-        )
-        resp = self._decode_and_load(resp)
-        usage = self.get_usage(resp)
-        self._update_costs(usage)
-        return resp
-
     async def _achat_completion(self, messages: list[dict]) -> dict:
         resp, _, _ = await self.client.arequest(
             method=self.http_method,
@@ -111,7 +95,7 @@ class OllamaGPTAPI(BaseGPTAPI):
         self._update_costs(usage)
         return resp
 
-    async def acompletion(self, messages: list[dict]) -> dict:
+    async def acompletion(self, messages: list[dict], timeout=3) -> dict:
         return await self._achat_completion(messages)
 
     async def _achat_completion_stream(self, messages: list[dict]) -> str:
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/open_llm_api.py b/metagpt/provider/open_llm_api.py
index 21efb6677..2893f5b30 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/open_llm_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/open_llm_api.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from openai.types import CompletionUsage
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG, Config, LLMProviderEnum
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.provider.llm_provider_registry import register_provider
-from metagpt.provider.openai_api import OpenAIGPTAPI, RateLimiter
+from metagpt.provider.openai_api import OpenAILLM
 from metagpt.utils.cost_manager import CostManager, Costs
 from metagpt.utils.token_counter import count_message_tokens, count_string_tokens
 
@@ -35,13 +35,12 @@ class OpenLLMCostManager(CostManager):
 
 
 @register_provider(LLMProviderEnum.OPEN_LLM)
-class OpenLLMGPTAPI(OpenAIGPTAPI):
+class OpenLLMGPTAPI(OpenAILLM):
     def __init__(self):
         self.config: Config = CONFIG
         self.__init_openllm()
         self.auto_max_tokens = False
         self._cost_manager = OpenLLMCostManager()
-        RateLimiter.__init__(self, rpm=self.rpm)
 
     def __init_openllm(self):
         self.is_azure = False
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/openai_api.py b/metagpt/provider/openai_api.py
index bfd6c7917..64adbb1c0 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/openai_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/openai_api.py
@@ -3,15 +3,13 @@
 @Time    : 2023/5/5 23:08
 @Author  : alexanderwu
 @File    : openai.py
-@Modified By: mashenquan, 2023/8/20. Remove global configuration `CONFIG`, enable configuration support for business isolation;
+@Modified By: mashenquan, 2023/8/20. Remove global configuration `CONFIG`, enable configuration support for isolation;
             Change cost control from global to company level.
 @Modified By: mashenquan, 2023/11/21. Fix bug: ReadTimeout.
 @Modified By: mashenquan, 2023/12/1. Fix bug: Unclosed connection caused by openai 0.x.
 """
 
-import asyncio
 import json
-import time
 from typing import AsyncIterator, Union
 
 from openai import APIConnectionError, AsyncOpenAI, AsyncStream
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ from tenacity import (
 
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG, Config, LLMProviderEnum
 from metagpt.logs import log_llm_stream, logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.provider.constant import GENERAL_FUNCTION_SCHEMA, GENERAL_TOOL_CHOICE
 from metagpt.provider.llm_provider_registry import register_provider
 from metagpt.schema import Message
@@ -41,31 +39,6 @@ from metagpt.utils.token_counter import (
 )
 
 
-class RateLimiter:
-    """Rate control class, each call goes through wait_if_needed, sleep if rate control is needed"""
-
-    def __init__(self, rpm):
-        self.last_call_time = 0
-        # Here 1.1 is used because even if the calls are made strictly according to time,
-        # they will still be QOS'd; consider switching to simple error retry later
-        self.interval = 1.1 * 60 / rpm
-        self.rpm = rpm
-
-    def split_batches(self, batch):
-        return [batch[i : i + self.rpm] for i in range(0, len(batch), self.rpm)]
-
-    async def wait_if_needed(self, num_requests):
-        current_time = time.time()
-        elapsed_time = current_time - self.last_call_time
-
-        if elapsed_time < self.interval * num_requests:
-            remaining_time = self.interval * num_requests - elapsed_time
-            logger.info(f"sleep {remaining_time}")
-            await asyncio.sleep(remaining_time)
-
-        self.last_call_time = time.time()
-
-
 def log_and_reraise(retry_state):
     logger.error(f"Retry attempts exhausted. Last exception: {retry_state.outcome.exception()}")
     logger.warning(
@@ -78,7 +51,7 @@ See FAQ 5.8
 
 
 @register_provider(LLMProviderEnum.OPENAI)
-class OpenAIGPTAPI(BaseGPTAPI, RateLimiter):
+class OpenAILLM(BaseLLM):
     """Check https://platform.openai.com/examples for examples"""
 
     def __init__(self):
@@ -86,11 +59,8 @@ class OpenAIGPTAPI(BaseGPTAPI, RateLimiter):
         self._init_openai()
         self._init_client()
         self.auto_max_tokens = False
-        RateLimiter.__init__(self, rpm=self.rpm)
-        super().__init__()
 
     def _init_openai(self):
-        self.rpm = int(self.config.openai_api_rpm)
         self.model = self.config.OPENAI_API_MODEL  # Used in _calc_usage & _cons_kwargs
 
     def _init_client(self):
@@ -211,7 +181,7 @@ class OpenAIGPTAPI(BaseGPTAPI, RateLimiter):
         Note: Keep kwargs consistent with https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/chat/create
 
         Examples:
-        >>> llm = OpenAIGPTAPI()
+        >>> llm = OpenAILLM()
         >>> msg = [{'role': 'user', 'content': "Write a python hello world code."}]
         >>> rsp = await llm.aask_code(msg)
         # -> {'language': 'python', 'code': "print('Hello, World!')"}
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/spark_api.py b/metagpt/provider/spark_api.py
index 4ec7be8cf..ce889529a 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/spark_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/spark_api.py
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """
-@Time    : 2023/7/21 11:15
-@Author  : Leo Xiao
-@File    : anthropic_api.py
+@File    : spark_api.py
 """
 import _thread as thread
 import base64
@@ -13,7 +11,6 @@ import hmac
 import json
 import ssl
 from time import mktime
-from typing import Optional
 from urllib.parse import urlencode, urlparse
 from wsgiref.handlers import format_date_time
 
@@ -21,32 +18,15 @@ import websocket  # 使用websocket_client
 
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG, LLMProviderEnum
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.provider.llm_provider_registry import register_provider
 
 
 @register_provider(LLMProviderEnum.SPARK)
-class SparkGPTAPI(BaseGPTAPI):
+class SparkLLM(BaseLLM):
     def __init__(self):
         logger.warning("当前方法无法支持异步运行。当你使用acompletion时，并不能并行访问。")
 
-    def close(self):
-        pass
-
-    def ask(self, msg: str) -> str:
-        message = [self._default_system_msg(), self._user_msg(msg)]
-        rsp = self.completion(message)
-        return rsp
-
-    async def aask(self, msg: str, system_msgs: Optional[list[str]] = None, stream: bool = True) -> str:
-        if system_msgs:
-            message = self._system_msgs(system_msgs) + [self._user_msg(msg)]
-        else:
-            message = [self._default_system_msg(), self._user_msg(msg)]
-        rsp = await self.acompletion(message)
-        logger.debug(message)
-        return rsp
-
     def get_choice_text(self, rsp: dict) -> str:
         return rsp["payload"]["choices"]["text"][-1]["content"]
 
@@ -56,15 +36,11 @@ class SparkGPTAPI(BaseGPTAPI):
         w = GetMessageFromWeb(messages)
         return w.run()
 
-    async def acompletion(self, messages: list[dict]):
+    async def acompletion(self, messages: list[dict], timeout=3):
         # 不支持异步
         w = GetMessageFromWeb(messages)
         return w.run()
 
-    def completion(self, messages: list[dict]):
-        w = GetMessageFromWeb(messages)
-        return w.run()
-
 
 class GetMessageFromWeb:
     class WsParam:
diff --git a/metagpt/provider/zhipuai_api.py b/metagpt/provider/zhipuai_api.py
index 533ce5719..e4b066a0c 100644
--- a/metagpt/provider/zhipuai_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/provider/zhipuai_api.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from tenacity import (
 
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG, LLMProviderEnum
 from metagpt.logs import log_llm_stream, logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.provider.llm_provider_registry import register_provider
 from metagpt.provider.openai_api import log_and_reraise
 from metagpt.provider.zhipuai.zhipu_model_api import ZhiPuModelAPI
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class ZhiPuEvent(Enum):
 
 
 @register_provider(LLMProviderEnum.ZHIPUAI)
-class ZhiPuAIGPTAPI(BaseGPTAPI):
+class ZhiPuAIGPTAPI(BaseLLM):
     """
     Refs to `https://open.bigmodel.cn/dev/api#chatglm_turbo`
     From now, there is only one model named `chatglm_turbo`
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/role.py b/metagpt/roles/role.py
index 3e5f268f8..d6e874ffe 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/role.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/role.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ from metagpt.const import SERDESER_PATH
 from metagpt.llm import LLM, HumanProvider
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.memory import Memory
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import Message, MessageQueue
 from metagpt.utils.common import (
     any_to_name,
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class Role(BaseModel):
     desc: str = ""
     is_human: bool = False
 
-    _llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)  # Each role has its own LLM, use different system message
+    _llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)  # Each role has its own LLM, use different system message
     _role_id: str = ""
     _states: list[str] = []
     _actions: list[Action] = []
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/sk_agent.py b/metagpt/roles/sk_agent.py
index 6063205bd..d982ebb68 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/sk_agent.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/sk_agent.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from metagpt.actions import UserRequirement
 from metagpt.actions.execute_task import ExecuteTask
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.roles import Role
 from metagpt.schema import Message
 from metagpt.utils.make_sk_kernel import make_sk_kernel
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class SkAgent(Role):
     plan: Any = None
     planner_cls: Any = None
     planner: Any = None
-    llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
+    llm: BaseLLM = Field(default_factory=LLM)
     kernel: Kernel = Field(default_factory=Kernel)
     import_semantic_skill_from_directory: Type[Kernel.import_semantic_skill_from_directory] = None
     import_skill: Type[Kernel.import_skill] = None
diff --git a/metagpt/tools/ut_writer.py b/metagpt/tools/ut_writer.py
index 8f827986c..d6d190ad7 100644
--- a/metagpt/tools/ut_writer.py
+++ b/metagpt/tools/ut_writer.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 import json
 from pathlib import Path
 
-from metagpt.provider.openai_api import OpenAIGPTAPI as GPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.openai_api import OpenAILLM as GPTAPI
 
 ICL_SAMPLE = """Interface definition:
 ```text
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/actions/test_write_code.py b/tests/metagpt/actions/test_write_code.py
index ba7cb6f2d..40a3b44ed 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/actions/test_write_code.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/actions/test_write_code.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import pytest
 
 from metagpt.actions.write_code import WriteCode
 from metagpt.logs import logger
-from metagpt.provider.openai_api import OpenAIGPTAPI as LLM
+from metagpt.provider.openai_api import OpenAILLM as LLM
 from metagpt.schema import CodingContext, Document
 from tests.metagpt.actions.mock_markdown import TASKS_2, WRITE_CODE_PROMPT_SAMPLE
 
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_base_gpt_api.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_base_gpt_api.py
index 0bee0ce75..be2c0ea7a 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_base_gpt_api.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_base_gpt_api.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 import pytest
 
-from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 from metagpt.schema import Message
 
 default_chat_resp = {
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ prompt_msg = "who are you"
 resp_content = default_chat_resp["choices"][0]["message"]["content"]
 
 
-class MockBaseGPTAPI(BaseGPTAPI):
+class MockBaseGPTAPI(BaseLLM):
     def completion(self, messages: list[dict], timeout=3):
         return default_chat_resp
 
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_fireworks_api.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_fireworks_api.py
index 4d92c5f45..00b3c716a 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_fireworks_api.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_fireworks_api.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from openai.types.completion_usage import CompletionUsage
 from metagpt.provider.fireworks_api import (
     MODEL_GRADE_TOKEN_COSTS,
     FireworksCostManager,
-    FireWorksGPTAPI,
+    FireworksLLM,
 )
 
 resp_content = "I'm fireworks"
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ async def test_fireworks_acompletion(mocker):
     mocker.patch(
         "metagpt.provider.fireworks_api.FireWorksGPTAPI._achat_completion_stream", mock_llm_achat_completion_stream
     )
-    fireworks_gpt = FireWorksGPTAPI()
+    fireworks_gpt = FireworksLLM()
 
     resp = await fireworks_gpt.acompletion(messages, stream=False)
     assert resp.choices[0].message.content in resp_content
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_google_gemini_api.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_google_gemini_api.py
index aec7b8520..60f50c9ad 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_google_gemini_api.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_google_gemini_api.py
@@ -35,16 +35,6 @@ async def mock_llm_achat_completion_stream(self, messgaes: list[dict]) -> str:
     return resp_content
 
 
-def test_gemini_completion(mocker):
-    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.google_gemini_api.GeminiGPTAPI.completion", mock_llm_completion)
-    gemini_gpt = GeminiGPTAPI()
-    resp = gemini_gpt.completion(messages)
-    assert resp.text == resp_content
-
-    resp = gemini_gpt.ask(prompt_msg)
-    assert resp == resp_content
-
-
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_gemini_acompletion(mocker):
     mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.google_gemini_api.GeminiGPTAPI.acompletion", mock_llm_acompletion)
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_human_provider.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_human_provider.py
index caab9f15f..8ba532781 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_human_provider.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_human_provider.py
@@ -17,15 +17,6 @@ async def mock_llm_aask(msg: str, timeout: int = 3) -> str:
     return mock_llm_ask(msg)
 
 
-def test_human_provider(mocker):
-    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.human_provider.HumanProvider.ask", mock_llm_ask)
-    human_provider = HumanProvider()
-
-    assert resp_content == human_provider.ask(None)
-
-    assert not human_provider.completion(messages=[])
-
-
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_async_human_provider(mocker):
     mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.human_provider.HumanProvider.aask", mock_llm_aask)
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_ollama_api.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_ollama_api.py
index d552d9f9e..d19e23e17 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_ollama_api.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_ollama_api.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import pytest
 
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
-from metagpt.provider.ollama_api import OllamaGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.ollama_api import OllamaLLM
 
 prompt_msg = "who are you"
 messages = [{"role": "user", "content": prompt_msg}]
@@ -28,22 +28,12 @@ async def mock_llm_achat_completion_stream(self, messgaes: list[dict]) -> str:
     return resp_content
 
 
-def test_gemini_completion(mocker):
-    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.ollama_api.OllamaGPTAPI.completion", mock_llm_completion)
-    ollama_gpt = OllamaGPTAPI()
-    resp = ollama_gpt.completion(messages)
-    assert resp["message"]["content"] == default_resp["message"]["content"]
-
-    resp = ollama_gpt.ask(prompt_msg)
-    assert resp == resp_content
-
-
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_gemini_acompletion(mocker):
     mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.ollama_api.OllamaGPTAPI.acompletion", mock_llm_acompletion)
     mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.ollama_api.OllamaGPTAPI._achat_completion", mock_llm_acompletion)
     mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.ollama_api.OllamaGPTAPI._achat_completion_stream", mock_llm_achat_completion_stream)
-    ollama_gpt = OllamaGPTAPI()
+    ollama_gpt = OllamaLLM()
 
     resp = await ollama_gpt.acompletion(messages)
     assert resp["message"]["content"] == default_resp["message"]["content"]
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_openai.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_openai.py
index 0736b1d4a..329edadff 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_openai.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_openai.py
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ from unittest.mock import Mock
 
 import pytest
 
-from metagpt.provider.openai_api import OpenAIGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.openai_api import OpenAILLM
 from metagpt.schema import UserMessage
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_aask_code():
-    llm = OpenAIGPTAPI()
+    llm = OpenAILLM()
     msg = [{"role": "user", "content": "Write a python hello world code."}]
     rsp = await llm.aask_code(msg)  # -> {'language': 'python', 'code': "print('Hello, World!')"}
     assert "language" in rsp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ async def test_aask_code():
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_aask_code_str():
-    llm = OpenAIGPTAPI()
+    llm = OpenAILLM()
     msg = "Write a python hello world code."
     rsp = await llm.aask_code(msg)  # -> {'language': 'python', 'code': "print('Hello, World!')"}
     assert "language" in rsp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ async def test_aask_code_str():
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_aask_code_Message():
-    llm = OpenAIGPTAPI()
+    llm = OpenAILLM()
     msg = UserMessage("Write a python hello world code.")
     rsp = await llm.aask_code(msg)  # -> {'language': 'python', 'code': "print('Hello, World!')"}
     assert "language" in rsp
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class TestOpenAI:
         )
 
     def test_make_client_kwargs_without_proxy(self, config):
-        instance = OpenAIGPTAPI()
+        instance = OpenAILLM()
         instance.config = config
         kwargs, async_kwargs = instance._make_client_kwargs()
         assert kwargs == {"api_key": "test_key", "base_url": "test_url"}
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class TestOpenAI:
         assert "http_client" not in async_kwargs
 
     def test_make_client_kwargs_without_proxy_azure(self, config_azure):
-        instance = OpenAIGPTAPI()
+        instance = OpenAILLM()
         instance.config = config_azure
         kwargs, async_kwargs = instance._make_client_kwargs()
         assert kwargs == {"api_key": "test_key", "base_url": "test_url"}
@@ -102,14 +102,14 @@ class TestOpenAI:
         assert "http_client" not in async_kwargs
 
     def test_make_client_kwargs_with_proxy(self, config_proxy):
-        instance = OpenAIGPTAPI()
+        instance = OpenAILLM()
         instance.config = config_proxy
         kwargs, async_kwargs = instance._make_client_kwargs()
         assert "http_client" in kwargs
         assert "http_client" in async_kwargs
 
     def test_make_client_kwargs_with_proxy_azure(self, config_azure_proxy):
-        instance = OpenAIGPTAPI()
+        instance = OpenAILLM()
         instance.config = config_azure_proxy
         kwargs, async_kwargs = instance._make_client_kwargs()
         assert "http_client" in kwargs
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_spark_api.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_spark_api.py
index 61ae8cbec..6cc87741e 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_spark_api.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_spark_api.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 import pytest
 
-from metagpt.provider.spark_api import SparkGPTAPI
+from metagpt.provider.spark_api import SparkLLM
 
 prompt_msg = "who are you"
 resp_content = "I'm Spark"
@@ -18,24 +18,13 @@ async def mock_llm_acompletion(self, messgaes: list[dict], stream: bool = False,
     return resp_content
 
 
-def test_spark_completion(mocker):
-    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.spark_api.SparkGPTAPI.completion", mock_llm_completion)
-    spark_gpt = SparkGPTAPI()
-
-    resp = spark_gpt.completion([])
-    assert resp == resp_content
-
-    resp = spark_gpt.ask(prompt_msg)
-    assert resp == resp_content
-
-
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_spark_acompletion(mocker):
     mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.spark_api.SparkGPTAPI.acompletion", mock_llm_acompletion)
     mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.spark_api.SparkGPTAPI.acompletion_text", mock_llm_acompletion)
-    spark_gpt = SparkGPTAPI()
+    spark_gpt = SparkLLM()
 
-    resp = await spark_gpt.acompletion([], stream=False)
+    resp = await spark_gpt.acompletion([])
     assert resp == resp_content
 
     resp = await spark_gpt.aask(prompt_msg, stream=False)
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_zhipuai_api.py b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_zhipuai_api.py
index ec02e1b47..d9cd23281 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/provider/test_zhipuai_api.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/provider/test_zhipuai_api.py
@@ -28,18 +28,6 @@ async def mock_llm_achat_completion_stream(self, messgaes: list[dict]) -> str:
     return resp_content
 
 
-def test_zhipuai_completion(mocker):
-    mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.zhipuai_api.ZhiPuAIGPTAPI.completion", mock_llm_completion)
-    zhipu_gpt = ZhiPuAIGPTAPI()
-
-    resp = zhipu_gpt.completion(messages)
-    assert resp["code"] == 200
-    assert resp["data"]["choices"][0]["content"] == resp_content
-
-    resp = zhipu_gpt.ask(prompt_msg)
-    assert resp == resp_content
-
-
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_zhipuai_acompletion(mocker):
     mocker.patch("metagpt.provider.zhipuai_api.ZhiPuAIGPTAPI.acompletion", mock_llm_acompletion)
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/test_gpt.py b/tests/metagpt/test_gpt.py
index caa1eb277..2b19f173d 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/test_gpt.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/test_gpt.py
@@ -14,15 +14,6 @@ from metagpt.logs import logger
 
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("llm_api")
 class TestGPT:
-    def test_llm_api_ask(self, llm_api):
-        answer = llm_api.ask("hello chatgpt")
-        logger.info(answer)
-        assert len(answer) > 0
-
-    def test_gptapi_ask_batch(self, llm_api):
-        answer = llm_api.ask_batch(["请扮演一个Google Python专家工程师，如果理解，回复明白", "写一个hello world"], timeout=60)
-        assert len(answer) > 0
-
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     async def test_llm_api_aask(self, llm_api):
         answer = await llm_api.aask("hello chatgpt", stream=False)
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/test_llm.py b/tests/metagpt/test_llm.py
index bc685ed8b..247f043e2 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/test_llm.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/test_llm.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 import pytest
 
-from metagpt.provider.openai_api import OpenAIGPTAPI as LLM
+from metagpt.provider.openai_api import OpenAILLM as LLM
 
 
 @pytest.fixture()