GPy/GPy/core/sparse_gp.py
2014-01-24 15:48:23 +00:00

202 lines
8.5 KiB
Python

# Copyright (c) 2012, GPy authors (see AUTHORS.txt).
# Licensed under the BSD 3-clause license (see LICENSE.txt)
import numpy as np
import pylab as pb
from ..util.linalg import mdot, tdot, symmetrify, backsub_both_sides, chol_inv, dtrtrs, dpotrs, dpotri
from gp import GP
from parameterization.param import Param
class SparseGP(GP):
"""
A general purpose Sparse GP model
:param X: inputs
:type X: np.ndarray (num_data x input_dim)
:param likelihood: a likelihood instance, containing the observed data
:type likelihood: GPy.likelihood.(Gaussian | EP | Laplace)
:param kernel: the kernel (covariance function). See link kernels
:type kernel: a GPy.kern.kern instance
:param X_variance: The uncertainty in the measurements of X (Gaussian variance)
:type X_variance: np.ndarray (num_data x input_dim) | None
:param Z: inducing inputs
:type Z: np.ndarray (num_inducing x input_dim)
:param num_inducing: Number of inducing points (optional, default 10. Ignored if Z is not None)
:type num_inducing: int
"""
def __init__(self, X, Y, Z, kernel, likelihood, inference_method=None, X_variance=None, name='sparse gp'):
#pick a sensible inference method
if inference_method is None:
if isinstance(likelihood, likelihoods.Gaussian):
inference_method = varDTC.Gaussian_inference()
else:
#inference_method = ??
raise NotImplementedError, "what to do what to do?"
print "defaulting to ", inference_method, "for latent function inference"
GP.__init__(self, X, Y, likelihood, inference_method, kernel, name)
self.Z = Z
self.num_inducing = Z.shape[0]
if X_variance is None:
self.has_uncertain_inputs = False
self.X_variance = None
else:
assert X_variance.shape == X.shape
self.has_uncertain_inputs = True
self.X_variance = X_variance
self.Z = Param('inducing inputs', self.Z)
self.add_parameter(self.Z, gradient=self.dL_dZ, index=0)
self.add_parameter(self.kern, gradient=self.dL_dtheta)
self.add_parameter(self.likelihood, gradient=lambda:self.likelihood._gradients(partial=self.partial_for_likelihood))
def parameters_changed(self):
# kernel computations, using BGPLVM notation
self.Kmm = self.kern.K(self.Z)
if self.has_uncertain_inputs:
self.psi0 = self.kern.psi0(self.Z, self.X, self.X_variance)
self.psi1 = self.kern.psi1(self.Z, self.X, self.X_variance)
self.psi2 = self.kern.psi2(self.Z, self.X, self.X_variance)
else:
self.psi0 = self.kern.Kdiag(self.X)
self.psi1 = self.kern.K(self.X, self.Z)
self.psi2 = None
#self.posterior = self.inference_method.inference(??)
super(SparseGP, self).parameters_changed()
def dL_dtheta(self):
"""
Compute and return the derivative of the log marginal likelihood wrt the parameters of the kernel
"""
dL_dtheta = self.kern.dK_dtheta(self.dL_dKmm, self.Z)
if self.has_uncertain_inputs:
dL_dtheta += self.kern.dpsi0_dtheta(self.dL_dpsi0, self.Z, self.X, self.X_variance)
dL_dtheta += self.kern.dpsi1_dtheta(self.dL_dpsi1, self.Z, self.X, self.X_variance)
dL_dtheta += self.kern.dpsi2_dtheta(self.dL_dpsi2, self.Z, self.X, self.X_variance)
else:
dL_dtheta += self.kern.dK_dtheta(self.dL_dpsi1, self.X, self.Z)
dL_dtheta += self.kern.dKdiag_dtheta(self.dL_dpsi0, self.X)
return dL_dtheta
def dL_dZ(self):
"""
The derivative of the bound wrt the inducing inputs Z
"""
dL_dZ = self.kern.dK_dX(self.dL_dKmm, self.Z)
if self.has_uncertain_inputs:
dL_dZ += self.kern.dpsi1_dZ(self.dL_dpsi1, self.Z, self.X, self.X_variance)
dL_dZ += self.kern.dpsi2_dZ(self.dL_dpsi2, self.Z, self.X, self.X_variance)
else:
dL_dZ += self.kern.dK_dX(self.dL_dpsi1.T, self.Z, self.X)
return dL_dZ
def _raw_predict(self, Xnew, X_variance_new=None, which_parts='all', full_cov=False):
"""
Make a prediction for the latent function values
"""
#TODO!!!
def plot_f(self, samples=0, plot_limits=None, which_data='all', which_parts='all', resolution=None, full_cov=False, fignum=None, ax=None):
"""
Plot the belief in the latent function, the "GP's view of the world"
- In one dimension, the function is plotted with a shaded region identifying two standard deviations.
- In two dimsensions, a contour-plot shows the mean predicted function
- Not implemented in higher dimensions
:param samples: the number of a posteriori samples to plot
:param plot_limits: The limits of the plot. If 1D [xmin,xmax], if 2D [[xmin,ymin],[xmax,ymax]]. Defaluts to data limits
:param which_data: which if the training data to plot (default all)
:type which_data: 'all' or a slice object to slice self.X, self.Y
:param which_parts: which of the kernel functions to plot (additively)
:type which_parts: 'all', or list of bools
:param resolution: the number of intervals to sample the GP on. Defaults to 200 in 1D and 50 (a 50x50 grid) in 2D
:type resolution: int
:param full_cov:
:type full_cov: bool
:param fignum: figure to plot on.
:type fignum: figure number
:param ax: axes to plot on.
:type ax: axes handle
:param output: which output to plot (for multiple output models only)
:type output: integer (first output is 0)
"""
if ax is None:
fig = pb.figure(num=fignum)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
if fignum is None and ax is None:
fignum = fig.num
if which_data is 'all':
which_data = slice(None)
GP.plot_f(self, samples=samples, plot_limits=plot_limits, which_data='all', which_parts='all', resolution=resolution, full_cov=full_cov, fignum=fignum, ax=ax)
if self.X.shape[1] == 1:
if self.has_uncertain_inputs:
ax.errorbar(self.X[which_data, 0], self.likelihood.data[which_data, 0],
xerr=2 * np.sqrt(self.X_variance[which_data, 0]),
ecolor='k', fmt=None, elinewidth=.5, alpha=.5)
Zu = self.Z * self._Xscale + self._Xoffset
ax.plot(Zu, np.zeros_like(Zu) + ax.get_ylim()[0], 'r|', mew=1.5, markersize=12)
elif self.X.shape[1] == 2:
Zu = self.Z * self._Xscale + self._Xoffset
ax.plot(Zu[:, 0], Zu[:, 1], 'wo')
else:
raise NotImplementedError, "Cannot define a frame with more than two input dimensions"
def plot(self, samples=0, plot_limits=None, which_data='all', which_parts='all', resolution=None, levels=20, fignum=None, ax=None):
if ax is None:
fig = pb.figure(num=fignum)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
if fignum is None and ax is None:
fignum = fig.num
if which_data is 'all':
which_data = slice(None)
GP.plot(self, samples=samples, plot_limits=plot_limits, which_data='all', which_parts='all', resolution=resolution, levels=20, fignum=fignum, ax=ax)
if self.X.shape[1] == 1:
if self.has_uncertain_inputs:
ax.errorbar(self.X[which_data, 0], self.likelihood.data[which_data, 0],
xerr=2 * np.sqrt(self.X_variance[which_data, 0]),
ecolor='k', fmt=None, elinewidth=.5, alpha=.5)
Zu = self.Z * self._Xscale + self._Xoffset
ax.plot(Zu, np.zeros_like(Zu) + ax.get_ylim()[0], 'r|', mew=1.5, markersize=12)
elif self.X.shape[1] == 2:
Zu = self.Z * self._Xscale + self._Xoffset
ax.plot(Zu[:, 0], Zu[:, 1], 'wo')
else:
raise NotImplementedError, "Cannot define a frame with more than two input dimensions"
def _getstate(self):
"""
Get the current state of the class,
here just all the indices, rest can get recomputed
"""
return GP._getstate(self) + [self.Z,
self.num_inducing,
self.has_uncertain_inputs,
self.X_variance]
def _setstate(self, state):
self.X_variance = state.pop()
self.has_uncertain_inputs = state.pop()
self.num_inducing = state.pop()
self.Z = state.pop()
GP._setstate(self, state)