GPy/GPy/kern/kern.py
2012-11-30 15:49:20 +00:00

280 lines
13 KiB
Python

# Copyright (c) 2012, GPy authors (see AUTHORS.txt).
# Licensed under the BSD 3-clause license (see LICENSE.txt)
import numpy as np
from ..core.parameterised import parameterised
from functools import partial
from kernpart import kernpart
class kern(parameterised):
def __init__(self,D,parts=[], input_slices=None):
"""
This kernel does 'compound' structures.
The compund structure enables many features of GPy, including
- Hierarchical models
- Correleated output models
- multi-view learning
Hadamard product and outer-product kernels will require a new class.
This feature is currently WONTFIX. for small number sof inputs, you can use the sympy kernel for this.
:param D: The dimensioality of the kernel's input space
:type D: int
:param parts: the 'parts' (PD functions) of the kernel
:type parts: list of kernpart objects
:param input_slices: the slices on the inputs which apply to each kernel
:type input_slices: list of slice objects, or list of bools
"""
self.parts = parts
self.Nparts = len(parts)
self.Nparam = sum([p.Nparam for p in self.parts])
self.D = D
#deal with input_slices
if input_slices is None:
self.input_slices = [slice(None) for p in self.parts]
else:
assert len(input_slices)==len(self.parts)
self.input_slices = [sl if type(sl) is slice else slice(None) for sl in input_slices]
for p in self.parts:
assert isinstance(p,kernpart), "bad kernel part"
self.compute_param_slices()
parameterised.__init__(self)
def compute_param_slices(self):
"""create a set of slices that can index the parameters of each part"""
self.param_slices = []
count = 0
for p in self.parts:
self.param_slices.append(slice(count,count+p.Nparam))
count += p.Nparam
def _process_slices(self,slices1=None,slices2=None):
"""
Format the slices so that they can easily be used.
Both slices can be any of three things:
- If None, the new points covary through every kernel part (default)
- If a list of slices, the i^th slice specifies which data are affected by the i^th kernel part
- If a list of booleans, specifying which kernel parts are active
if the second arg is False, return only slices1
returns actual lists of slice objects
"""
if slices1 is None:
slices1 = [slice(None)]*self.Nparts
elif all([type(s_i) is bool for s_i in slices1]):
slices1 = [slice(None) if s_i else slice(0) for s_i in slices1]
else:
assert all([type(s_i) is slice for s_i in slices1]), "invalid slice objects"
if slices2 is None:
slices2 = [slice(None)]*self.Nparts
elif slices2 is False:
return slices1
elif all([type(s_i) is bool for s_i in slices2]):
slices2 = [slice(None) if s_i else slice(0) for s_i in slices2]
else:
assert all([type(s_i) is slice for s_i in slices2]), "invalid slice objects"
return slices1, slices2
def __add__(self,other):
assert self.D == other.D
newkern = kern(self.D,self.parts+other.parts, self.input_slices + other.input_slices)
#transfer constraints:
newkern.constrained_positive_indices = np.hstack((self.constrained_positive_indices, self.Nparam + other.constrained_positive_indices))
newkern.constrained_negative_indices = np.hstack((self.constrained_negative_indices, self.Nparam + other.constrained_negative_indices))
newkern.constrained_bounded_indices = self.constrained_bounded_indices + [self.Nparam + x for x in other.constrained_bounded_indices]
newkern.constrained_bounded_lowers = self.constrained_bounded_lowers + other.constrained_bounded_lowers
newkern.constrained_bounded_uppers = self.constrained_bounded_uppers + other.constrained_bounded_uppers
newkern.constrained_fixed_indices = self.constrained_fixed_indices + [self.Nparam + x for x in other.constrained_fixed_indices]
newkern.constrained_fixed_values = self.constrained_fixed_values + other.constrained_fixed_values
newkern.tied_indices = self.tied_indices + [self.Nparam + x for x in other.tied_indices]
return newkern
def add(self,other):
"""
Add another kernel to this one. Both kernels are defined on the same _space_
:param other: the other kernel to be added
:type other: GPy.kern
"""
return self + other
def add_orthogonal(self,other):
"""
Add another kernel to this one. Both kernels are defined on separate spaces
:param other: the other kernel to be added
:type other: GPy.kern
"""
#deal with input slices
D = self.D + other.D
self_input_slices = [slice(*sl.indices(self.D)) for sl in self.input_slices]
other_input_indices = [sl.indices(other.D) for sl in other.input_slices]
other_input_slices = [slice(i[0]+self.D,i[1]+self.D,i[2]) for i in other_input_indices]
newkern = kern(D, self.parts + other.parts, self_input_slices + other_input_slices)
#transfer constraints:
newkern.constrained_positive_indices = np.hstack((self.constrained_positive_indices, self.Nparam + other.constrained_positive_indices))
newkern.constrained_negative_indices = np.hstack((self.constrained_negative_indices, self.Nparam + other.constrained_negative_indices))
newkern.constrained_bounded_indices = self.constrained_bounded_indices + [self.Nparam + x for x in other.constrained_bounded_indices]
newkern.constrained_bounded_lowers = self.constrained_bounded_lowers + other.constrained_bounded_lowers
newkern.constrained_bounded_uppers = self.constrained_bounded_uppers + other.constrained_bounded_uppers
newkern.constrained_fixed_indices = self.constrained_fixed_indices + [self.Nparam + x for x in other.constrained_fixed_indices]
newkern.constrained_fixed_values = self.constrained_fixed_values + other.constrained_fixed_values
newkern.tied_indices = self.tied_indices + [self.Nparam + x for x in other.tied_indices]
return newkern
def get_param(self):
return np.hstack([p.get_param() for p in self.parts])
def set_param(self,x):
[p.set_param(x[s]) for p, s in zip(self.parts, self.param_slices)]
def get_param_names(self):
return sum([[k.name+'_'+str(i)+'_'+n for n in k.get_param_names()] for i,k in enumerate(self.parts)],[])
def K(self,X,X2=None,slices1=None,slices2=None):
assert X.shape[1]==self.D
slices1, slices2 = self._process_slices(slices1,slices2)
if X2 is None:
X2 = X
target = np.zeros((X.shape[0],X2.shape[0]))
[p.K(X[s1,i_s],X2[s2,i_s],target=target[s1,s2]) for p,i_s,s1,s2 in zip(self.parts,self.input_slices,slices1,slices2)]
return target
def dK_dtheta(self,partial,X,X2=None,slices1=None,slices2=None):
"""
:param partial: An array of partial derivaties, dL_dK
:type partial: Np.ndarray (N x M)
:param X: Observed data inputs
:type X: np.ndarray (N x D)
:param X2: Observed dara inputs (optional, defaults to X)
:type X2: np.ndarray (M x D)
:param slices1: a slice object for each kernel part, describing which data are affected by each kernel part
:type slices1: list of slice objects, or list of booleans
:param slices2: slices for X2
"""
assert X.shape[1]==self.D
slices1, slices2 = self._process_slices(slices1,slices2)
if X2 is None:
X2 = X
target = np.zeros(self.Nparam)
[p.dK_dtheta(partial[s1,s2],X[s1,i_s],X2[s2,i_s],target[ps]) for p,i_s,ps,s1,s2 in zip(self.parts, self.input_slices, self.param_slices, slices1, slices2)]
return target
def dK_dX(self,partial,X,X2=None,slices1=None,slices2=None):
if X2 is None:
X2 = X
slices1, slices2 = self._process_slices(slices1,slices2)
target = np.zeros_like(X)
[p.dK_dX(partial[s1,s2],X[s1,i_s],X2[s2,i_s],target[s1,i_s]) for p,i_s,ps,s1,s2 in zip(self.parts,self.input_slices, self.param_slices,slices1,slices2)]
return target
def Kdiag(self,X,slices=None):
assert X.shape[1]==self.D
slices = self._process_slices(slices,False)
target = np.zeros(X.shape[0])
[p.Kdiag(X[s,i_s],target=target[s]) for p,i_s,s in zip(self.parts,self.input_slices,slices)]
return target
def dKdiag_dtheta(self,partial,X,slices=None):
assert X.shape[1]==self.D
assert len(partial.shape)==1
assert partial.size==X.shape[0]
slices = self._process_slices(slices,False)
target = np.zeros(self.Nparam)
[p.dKdiag_dtheta(partial[s],X[s,i_s],target[ps]) for p,i_s,s,ps in zip(self.parts,self.input_slices,slices,self.param_slices)]
return target
def dKdiag_dX(self, partial, X, slices=None):
assert X.shape[1]==self.D
slices = self._process_slices(slices,False)
target = np.zeros_like(X)
[p.dKdiag_dX(partial[s],X[s,i_s],target[s,i_s]) for p,i_s,s in zip(self.parts,self.input_slices,slices)]
return target
def psi0(self,Z,mu,S,slices=None):
slices = self._process_slices(slices,False)
target = np.zeros(mu.shape[0])
[p.psi0(Z,mu[s],S[s],target[s]) for p,s in zip(self.parts,slices)]
return target
def dpsi0_dtheta(self,partial,Z,mu,S,slices=None):
slices = self._process_slices(slices,False)
target = np.zeros(self.Nparam)
[p.dpsi0_dtheta(partial[s],Z,mu[s],S[s],target[ps]) for p,ps,s in zip(self.parts, self.param_slices,slices)]
return target
def dpsi0_dmuS(self,partial,Z,mu,S,slices=None):
slices = self._process_slices(slices,False)
target_mu,target_S = np.zeros_like(mu),np.zeros_like(S)
[p.dpsi0_dmuS(partial,Z,mu[s],S[s],target_mu[s],target_S[s]) for p,s in zip(self.parts,slices)]
return target_mu,target_S
def psi1(self,Z,mu,S,slices1=None,slices2=None):
"""Think N,M,Q """
slices1, slices2 = self._process_slices(slices1,slices2)
target = np.zeros((mu.shape[0],Z.shape[0]))
[p.psi1(Z[s2],mu[s1],S[s1],target[s1,s2]) for p,s1,s2 in zip(self.parts,slices1,slices2)]
return target
def dpsi1_dtheta(self,partial,Z,mu,S,slices1=None,slices2=None):
"""N,M,(Ntheta)"""
slices1, slices2 = self._process_slices(slices1,slices2)
target = np.zeros((self.Nparam))
[p.dpsi1_dtheta(partial[s2,s1],Z[s2,i_s],mu[s1,i_s],S[s1,i_s],target[ps]) for p,ps,s1,s2,i_s in zip(self.parts, self.param_slices,slices1,slices2,self.input_slices)]
return target
def dpsi1_dZ(self,partial,Z,mu,S,slices1=None,slices2=None):
"""N,M,Q"""
slices1, slices2 = self._process_slices(slices1,slices2)
target = np.zeros_like(Z)
[p.dpsi1_dZ(partial[s2,s1],Z[s2,i_s],mu[s1,i_s],S[s1,i_s],target[s2,i_s]) for p,i_s,s1,s2 in zip(self.parts,self.input_slices,slices1,slices2)]
return target
def dpsi1_dmuS(self,partial,Z,mu,S,slices1=None,slices2=None):
"""return shapes are N,M,Q"""
slices1, slices2 = self._process_slices(slices1,slices2)
target_mu, target_S = np.zeros((2,mu.shape[0],mu.shape[1]))
[p.dpsi1_dmuS(partial[s2,s1],Z[s2,i_s],mu[s1,i_s],S[s1,i_s],target_mu[s1,i_s],target_S[s1,i_s]) for p,i_s,s1,s2 in zip(self.parts,self.input_slices,slices1,slices2)]
return target_mu, target_S
def psi2(self,Z,mu,S,slices1=None,slices2=None):
"""
:Z: np.ndarray of inducing inputs (M x Q)
: mu, S: np.ndarrays of means and variacnes (each N x Q)
:returns psi2: np.ndarray (N,M,M,Q) """
target = np.zeros((Z.shape[0],Z.shape[0]))
slices1, slices2 = self._process_slices(slices1,slices2)
[p.psi2(Z[s2,i_s],mu[s1,i_s],S[s1,i_s],target[s2,s2]) for p,i_s,s1,s2 in zip(self.parts,self.input_slices,slices1,slices2)]
return target
def dpsi2_dtheta(self,partial,Z,mu,S,slices1=None,slices2=None):
"""Returns shape (N,M,M,Ntheta)"""
slices1, slices2 = self._process_slices(slices1,slices2)
target = np.zeros(self.Nparam)
[p.dpsi2_dtheta(partial[s2,s2],Z[s2,i_s],mu[s1,i_s],S[s1,i_s],target[ps]) for p,i_s,s1,s2,ps in zip(self.parts,self.input_slices,slices1,slices2,self.param_slices)]
return target
def dpsi2_dZ(self,partial,Z,mu,S,slices1=None,slices2=None):
slices1, slices2 = self._process_slices(slices1,slices2)
target = np.zeros_like(Z)
[p.dpsi2_dZ(partial[s2,s2],Z[s2,i_s],mu[s1,i_s],S[s1,i_s],target[s2,i_s]) for p,i_s,s1,s2 in zip(self.parts,self.input_slices,slices1,slices2)]
return target
def dpsi2_dmuS(self,Z,mu,S,slices1=None,slices2=None):
"""return shapes are N,M,M,Q"""
slices1, slices2 = self._process_slices(slices1,slices2)
target_mu, target_S = np.zeros((2,mu.shape[0],mu.shape[1]))
[p.dpsi2_dmuS(partial[s2,s2],Z[s2,i_s],mu[s1,i_s],S[s1,i_s],target_mu[s1,i_s],target_S[s1,i_s]) for p,i_s,s1,s2 in zip(self.parts,self.input_slices,slices1,slices2)]
#TODO: there are some extra terms to compute here!
return target_mu, target_S