much tidying and breakage in the GP class

This commit is contained in:
James Hensman 2013-01-31 12:00:57 +00:00
parent 791d240d96
commit ea0802d938
2 changed files with 72 additions and 126 deletions

View file

@ -196,6 +196,9 @@ class gaussian(likelihood):
Gaussian likelihood
Y is expected to take values in (-inf,inf)
"""
self.variance = variance
self._data = Y
self.
def moments_match(self,i,tau_i,v_i):
"""
Moments match of the marginal approximation in EP algorithm
@ -219,8 +222,8 @@ class gaussian(likelihood):
if U is not None:
pb.plot(U,np.ones(U.shape[0])*self.Y.min()*.8,'r|',mew=1.5,markersize=12)
def predictive_mean(self,mu,Sigma):
return mu
def _log_likelihood_gradients():
raise NotImplementedError
else:
var = var[:,None] * np.square(self._Ystd)

View file

@ -8,23 +8,22 @@ from .. import kern
from ..core import model
from ..util.linalg import pdinv,mdot
from ..util.plot import gpplot, Tango
from ..inference.EP import Full
from ..inference.likelihoods import likelihood,probit,poisson,gaussian
from ..inference.EP import Full # TODO: tidy
from ..inference import likelihoods
class GP(model):
"""
Gaussian Process model for regression and EP
:param X: input observations
:param Y: observed values
:param kernel: a GPy kernel, defaults to rbf+white
:parm likelihood: a GPy likelihood
:param normalize_X: whether to normalize the input data before computing (predictions will be in original scales)
:type normalize_X: False|True
:param normalize_Y: whether to normalize the input data before computing (predictions will be in original scales)
:type normalize_Y: False|True
:param Xslices: how the X,Y data co-vary in the kernel (i.e. which "outputs" they correspond to). See (link:slicing)
:rtype: model object
:parm likelihood: a GPy likelihood, defaults to gaussian
:param epsilon_ep: convergence criterion for the Expectation Propagation algorithm, defaults to 0.1
:param powerep: power-EP parameters [$\eta$,$\delta$], defaults to [1.,1.]
:type powerep: list
@ -32,23 +31,19 @@ class GP(model):
.. Note:: Multiple independent outputs are allowed using columns of Y
"""
#TODO: make beta parameter explicit
#TODO: when using EP, predict needs to return 3 values otherwise it just needs 2. At the moment predict returns 3 values in any case.
def __init__(self,X,Y=None,kernel=None,normalize_X=False,normalize_Y=False, Xslices=None,likelihood=None,epsilon_ep=1e-3,power_ep=[1.,1.]):
def __init__(self, X, kernel, likelihood, normalize_X=False, Xslices=None):
# parse arguments
self.Xslices = Xslices
self.X = X
self.N, self.Q = self.X.shape
assert len(self.X.shape)==2
if kernel is None:
kernel = kern.rbf(X.shape[1]) + kern.bias(X.shape[1]) + kern.white(X.shape[1])
else:
assert isinstance(kernel, kern.kern)
self.N, self.Q = self.X.shape
assert isinstance(kernel, kern.kern)
self.kern = kernel
#here's some simple normalisation
#here's some simple normalisation for the inputs
if normalize_X:
self._Xmean = X.mean(0)[None,:]
self._Xstd = X.std(0)[None,:]
@ -59,82 +54,48 @@ class GP(model):
self._Xmean = np.zeros((1,self.X.shape[1]))
self._Xstd = np.ones((1,self.X.shape[1]))
# Y - likelihood related variables, these might change whether using EP or not
if likelihood is None:
assert Y is not None, "Either Y or likelihood must be defined"
self.likelihood = gaussian(Y)
else:
self.likelihood = likelihood
assert len(self.likelihood.Y.shape)==2
self.likelihood = likelihood
self.Y = self.likelihood.Y
self.YYT = self.likelihood.YYT # TODO: this is ugly. what about sufficient_stats?
assert self.X.shape[0] == self.likelihood.Y.shape[0]
self.N, self.D = self.likelihood.Y.shape
if isinstance(self.likelihood,gaussian):
self.EP = False
self.Y = Y
self.beta = 100.#FIXME beta should be an explicit parameter for this model
# Here's some simple normalisation
if normalize_Y:
self._Ymean = Y.mean(0)[None,:]
self._Ystd = Y.std(0)[None,:]
self.Y = (Y.copy()- self._Ymean) / self._Ystd
else:
self._Ymean = np.zeros((1,self.Y.shape[1]))
self._Ystd = np.ones((1,self.Y.shape[1]))
if self.D > self.N:
# then it's more efficient to store YYT
self.YYT = np.dot(self.Y, self.Y.T)
else:
self.YYT = None
else:
if self.D > 1:
raise NotImplementedError, "EP is not implemented for D > 1"
# Y is defined after approximating the likelihood
self.EP = True
self.eta,self.delta = power_ep
self.epsilon_ep = epsilon_ep
self.beta = np.ones([self.N,self.D])
self.Z_ep = 0
self.Y = None
self._Ymean = np.zeros((1,self.D))
self._Ystd = np.ones((1,self.D))
model.__init__(self)
def _set_params(self,p):
# TODO: add beta when not using EP
self.kern._set_params_transformed(p)
self.kern._set_params_transformed(p[:self.kern.Nparam])
self.likelihood._set_params(p[self.kern.Nparam:])
self.K = self.kern.K(self.X,slices1=self.Xslices)
if self.EP:
self.K += np.diag(1./self.beta.flatten())
#else:
# self.beta = p[-1]
self.K += np.diag(self.likelihood_variance)
self.Ki, self.L, self.Li, self.K_logdet = pdinv(self.K)
#the gradient of the likelihood wrt the covariance matrix
if self.YYT is None:
self._alpha = np.dot(self.Ki,self.Y)
self._alpha2 = np.square(self._alpha)
self.dL_dK = 0.5*(np.dot(self._alpha,self._alpha.T)-self.D*self.Ki)
else:
tmp = mdot(self.Ki, self.YYT, self.Ki)
self._alpha2 = np.diag(tmp)
self.dL_dK = 0.5*(tmp - self.D*self.Ki)
def _get_params(self):
# TODO: add beta when not using EP
return self.kern._get_params_transformed()
return np.hstack((self.kern._get_params_transformed(), self.likelihood._get_params()))
def _get_param_names(self):
# TODO: add beta when not using EP
return self.kern._get_param_names_transformed()
return self.kern._get_param_names_transformed() + self.likelihood._get_param_names()
def approximate_likelihood(self):
def update_likelihood_approximation(self):
"""
Approximates a non-gaussian likelihood using Expectation Propagation
For a Gaussian (or direct: TODO) likelihood, no iteration is required:
this function does nothing
"""
assert not isinstance(self.likelihood, gaussian), "EP is only available for non-gaussian likelihoods"
self.ep_approx = Full(self.K,self.likelihood,epsilon = self.epsilon_ep,power_ep=[self.eta,self.delta])
self.beta, self.Y, self.Z_ep = self.ep_approx.fit_EP()
if self.D > self.N:
# then it's more efficient to store YYT
self.YYT = np.dot(self.Y, self.Y.T)
else:
self.YYT = None
# Kernel plus noise variance term
self.K = self.kern.K(self.X,slices1=self.Xslices) + np.diag(1./self.beta.flatten())
self.Ki, self.L, self.Li, self.K_logdet = pdinv(self.K)
self.likelihood.fit(self.K)
self.Y, self.YYT, self.likelihood_variance, self.likelihood_Z = self.likelihood.sufficient_stats() # TODO: just store these in the likelihood?
def _model_fit_term(self):
"""
@ -147,29 +108,41 @@ class GP(model):
def log_likelihood(self):
"""
The log marginal likelihood for an EP model can be written as the log likelihood of
a regression model for a new variable Y* = v_tilde/tau_tilde, with a covariance
The log marginal likelihood of the GP.
For an EP model, can be written as the log likelihood of a regression
model for a new variable Y* = v_tilde/tau_tilde, with a covariance
matrix K* = K + diag(1./tau_tilde) plus a normalization term.
"""
L = -0.5*selff.D*self.K_logdet + self.model_fit_term()
if self.EP:
L += self.normalisation_term()
return L
return -0.5*self.D*self.K_logdet + self.model_fit_term() + self.likelihood.Z
def log_likelihood(self):
complexity_term = -0.5*self.N*self.D*np.log(2.*np.pi) - 0.5*self.D*self.K_logdet
return complexity_term + self._model_fit_term()
def dL_dK(self):
if self.YYT is None:
alpha = np.dot(self.Ki,self.Y)
dL_dK = 0.5*(np.dot(alpha,alpha.T)-self.D*self.Ki)
else:
dL_dK = 0.5*(mdot(self.Ki, self.YYT, self.Ki) - self.D*self.Ki)
return dL_dK
def _log_likelihood_gradients(self):
return self.kern.dK_dtheta(partial=self.dL_dK(),X=self.X)
"""
The gradient of all parameters.
For the kernel parameters, use the chain rule via dL_dK
For the likelihood parameters, pass in alpha = K^-1 y
"""
return np.hstack((self.kern.dK_dtheta(partial=self.dL_dK(),X=self.X), self.likelihood._gradients(self.alpha2)))
def _raw_predict(self,_Xnew,slices, full_cov=False):
"""
Internal helper function for making predictions, does not account
for normalisation or likelihood
"""
Kx = self.kern.K(self.X,_Xnew, slices1=self.Xslices,slices2=slices)
mu = np.dot(np.dot(Kx.T,self.Ki),self.Y)
KiKx = np.dot(self.Ki,Kx)
if full_cov:
Kxx = self.kern.K(_Xnew, slices1=slices,slices2=slices)
var = Kxx - np.dot(KiKx.T,Kx)
else:
Kxx = self.kern.Kdiag(_Xnew, slices=slices)
var = Kxx - np.sum(np.multiply(KiKx,Kx),0)
return mu, var
def predict(self,Xnew, slices=None, full_cov=False):
"""
@ -198,41 +171,11 @@ class GP(model):
"""
#normalise X values
Xnew = (Xnew.copy() - self._Xmean) / self._Xstd
mu, var, phi = self._raw_predict(Xnew, slices, full_cov)
mu, var, phi = self._raw_predict(Xnew, slices, full_cov=full_cov)
#un-normalise
mu = mu*self._Ystd + self._Ymean
if full_cov:
if self.D==1:
var *= np.square(self._Ystd)
else:
var = var[:,:,None] * np.square(self._Ystd)
else:
if self.D==1:
var *= np.square(np.squeeze(self._Ystd))
else:
var = var[:,None] * np.square(self._Ystd)
#now push through likelihood TODO
return mu,var,phi
def _raw_predict(self,_Xnew,slices, full_cov=False):
"""Internal helper function for making predictions, does not account for normalisation"""
Kx = self.kern.K(self.X,_Xnew, slices1=self.Xslices,slices2=slices)
mu = np.dot(np.dot(Kx.T,self.Ki),self.Y)
KiKx = np.dot(self.Ki,Kx)
if full_cov:
Kxx = self.kern.K(_Xnew, slices1=slices,slices2=slices)
var = Kxx - np.dot(KiKx.T,Kx)
if self.EP:
raise NotImplementedError, "full_cov = True not implemented for EP"
#var = np.diag(var)[:,None]
#phi = self.likelihood.predictive_mean(mu,var)
else:
Kxx = self.kern.Kdiag(_Xnew, slices=slices)
var = Kxx - np.sum(np.multiply(KiKx,Kx),0)
if self.EP:
phi = self.likelihood.predictive_mean(mu,var)
return mu, var, phi
return mean, _5pc, _95pc
def plot(self,samples=0,plot_limits=None,which_data='all',which_functions='all',resolution=None,full_cov=False):
"""